中美高校预聘长聘教职制的比较研究——基于八所高校的制度文本分析

A Comparative Study of the Tenure and Tenure-Track System in Chinese and American Universities: Based on an Analysis of Institutional Texts in Eight Universities

起源于美国高校的预聘长聘教职制是我国部分高校完善教师管理制度和教师聘用机制的一项重要参考制度。从目标范围、准入机制、晋升考核机制和权益保障机制四个维度对中美两国八所高校的预聘长聘教职制进行比较研究。中美两国高校预聘长聘制制度文本大多指出了该制度在促进高素质教师队伍建设方面的作用,内容涵盖教师聘用、晋升考核和权益保障等教师管理的主要方面,但在具体规定上各有侧重。美国高校比较注重教师管理的规范性和合法性,院系有较大的自主权;我国高校则对教师准入与考核标准的明确性和合理性较为关注,突出学校规划的整体性。在完善高校教师管理制度的过程中,我国高校应当注重完善教师聘用机制的程序规范性和教师权益保障机制。

The tenure and tenure-track system originated from American universities is an important reference system for some Chinese universities to reform the faculty management system and the faculty appointment mechanism. This article conducts a comparative study of this system of eight universities in China and the United States from four aspects: goal setting and application scope, recruitment mechanism, promotion and assessment mechanism, rights and interests protection mechanism. The institutional texts of the universities mostly point out positive role of the tenure and tenure-track system in promoting the construction of high-quality faculty, and cover the main aspects of personnel management such as faculty appointment, promotion assessment and rights protection,with different emphases on specific provisions. American universities focus on the standardization and legitimacy of faculty management, and emphasize the necessary autonomy of the schools and departments;while Chinese universities pay more attention to the clarity and rationality of faculty access and assessment standards, highlighting the integrity of university planning. In the process of deepening the reform of faculty management system, Chinese universities should focus on both improvement of the procedural standardization of faculty appointment mechanism and faculty rights protection mechanism.