外国人习得汉语单字调的偏误分析——以云南瑞丽缅籍来华务工人员为例

The Error Analysis of Foreigners’Acquisition of Chinese Mono-syllable Tone:The Case of the Burmese Migrant Workers in Ruili,Yunnan Province

声调教学是汉语语音教学的重难点,在云南瑞丽务工的缅籍人员具有教育背景复杂、汉语水平参差不齐、集中在劳动密集型产业等特殊性。文章以来云南瑞丽前无汉语基础的缅籍务工人员为研究对象,以汉语单字调习得为研究内容,开展声学实验和统计分析,从调型、调域、时长三方面描写缅籍汉语学习声调的偏误情况,结合声调认知实验,归纳出主要偏误类型:阴平和去声较易掌握,阳平和上声较难掌握,上声普遍发成阳平,调域、调型是缅籍汉语学习者产生声调偏误的主要原因,并提出教学建议。

Tone teaching is the key and difficult point of Chinese phonetics teaching.The Burmese Migrant Workers who work in Ruili have special characteristics such as complex educational background,different Chinese proficiency and concentrated in labor-intensive industries.The study subjects were Burmese Migrant workers who had no basic Chinese language before coming to Ruili,takes the acquisition of Chinese single character intonation as the research content,carried out acoustic experiments and statistical analysis,and describes the errors in the tone acquired by Burmese Chinese learners from three aspects:tonotype,pitch range and tone duration,and combined with the tone perception experiment summarizes the main types of errors:tone1 and tone4 are easier to master,and tone2 and tone3 are more difficult to master.The tone3 is generally pronounced tone2,and pitch range and tonotype are the main reasons for the tonal errors of Burmese Chinese learners.And put forward teaching suggestions.