东巴文形声字的特点及其发展——兼与古汉字形声字比较

The Characteristics and Development of Dongba Pictophonetic Characters:A Comparison with Ancient Chinese Pictophonetic Characters

纳西族东巴文是当下唯一尚使用的原始文字。东巴文中大约有20%的形声字,并有较明显的图画文字特点。其声符和意符的分工不够明确且类化程度低,形声字特点不明显,多形多声字大量存在,大多处于形声造字法的早期阶段。东巴文并没有像汉字那样,在产生形声字之后走上全面形声化之路,而是停留在了假借字阶段。这与东巴文假借字使用自由,没有发展成为全民使用的文字以及汉字对东巴文的挤压等因素有关。

Naxi Dongba script is the only original script still in use in modern society.There are about 20%pictophic characters in Dongba text,and the pictophic characters have obvious characteristics of picture characters.The division of labor between phonetic symbols and signifiers is not clear and the degree of generalization is low,and the system of pictophonetic characters is not strong.Polyphonic characters exist in large numbers,and the Dongba pictophonics are generally in the early stage of pictophonics.Unlike Chinese characters,Dongba script did not embark on the road of comprehensive picophonics after the emergence of picophonics,but stayed in the stage of fake characters.This has something to do with the free use of Dongba characters,the failure of Dongba characters to be used by the whole people and the squeezing of Dongba characters by Chinese characters.