互联网企业员工工作时长与职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的关联分析

Relationship between working duration and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Internet enterprise employees

目的探讨互联网企业员工工作时长与职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的关联。方法整群抽取浙江省嘉兴市5家互联网企业员工,通过问卷调查收集人口学信息、工作时长等资料,采用《劳动者疲劳蓄积度自己诊断调查表》和《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》评估疲劳蓄积和WMSDs;按每周工作时长分为≤40 h、>40 h~、>48 h~、>56 h组,>40 h定义为长工时,并采用多因素logistic回归模型分析工作时长与WMSDs的关联。结果回收问卷334份,有效问卷280份,有效率为83.83%。调查男性211人,占75.36%;女性69人,占24.64%。年龄<36岁204人,占72.86%。长工时暴露234人,占83.57%。检出疲劳蓄积93人,检出率为33.21%。检出WMSDs 183例,检出率为65.36%;其中颈部WMSDs检出率最高,为52.50%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,调整性别、婚姻状况和睡眠障碍后,每周工作时长与患WMSDs有统计学关联(>40~48 h,OR=2.199,95%CI:1.083~4.468;>56 h,OR=6.688,95%CI:1.902~23.520);将疲劳蓄积纳入回归模型后,每周工作时长与患WMSDs无统计学关联(P>0.05)。结论长工时可能增加互联网企业员工WMSDs患病风险,疲劳蓄积可能起到中介作用。

Objective To investigate the relationship between working duration and work-related musculoskeletal disor⁃ders(WMSDs)among Internet enterprise employees.Methods Employees were randomly sampled from five Internet en⁃terprises in Jiaxing City of Zhejiang Province using the cluster sampling method.Participants'demographics and working duration were collected using questionnaire surveys,and the fatigue accumulation and WMSDs were assessed using the Self-diagnosis Questionnaire for Fatigue Accumulation and the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire.The working duration per week was classified into 40 h and less,40 to 48 h,48 to 56 h and 56 h and longer,and more than 40 h working duration per week was defined as long working duration.The association between working duration and WMSDs was examined with a multivariable logistic regression model.Results Among 334 questionnaires recovered,280 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 83.83%.The participants included 211 men(75.36%)and 69 women(24.64%),and there were 204 participants at ages of less than 36 years(72.86%)and 234 participants with long working duration(83.57%).The detection of fatigue accumulation and WMSDs was 33.21%and 65.36%among the participants,with the highest prevalence of WMSDs detected in the neck(52.50%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that weekly working duration correlated with WMSDs (>40 to 48 h, OR=2.199, 95%CI: 1.083-4.468;>56 h, OR=6.688, 95%CI: 1.902-23.520) after adjustment for gender, marital status and sleep disorders. If fatigue accumulation was included in the model, there was no statistical correlation between weekly working duration and WMSDs (P>0.05). Conclusion Long working duration may increase the risk of WMSDs among Internet enterprise employees, and fatigue accumulation may play a mediating role.