鄂州市居民流感疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析

Willingness to receive influenza vaccines and its influencing factors among residents in Ezhou City

目的分析湖北省鄂州市居民流感疫苗接种意愿及影响因素,为提高流感疫苗接种率提供依据。方法于2022年5月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取鄂州市12个社区≥15岁居民为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集人口学信息、流感疫苗接种史、流感疫苗知识知晓情况、流感疫苗相关态度和流感疫苗接种意愿;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。结果发放问卷840份,回收有效问卷820份,回收有效率为97.62%。男性385人,占46.95%;女性435人,占53.05%;年龄为(42.04±14.82)岁。有流感疫苗接种意愿393人,接种意愿率为47.93%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(15~<25岁,OR=6.010,95%CI:3.342~10.809;25~<40岁,OR=4.555,95%CI:2.815~7.369;40~<60岁,OR=1.697,95%CI:1.057~2.724)、鄂城区居住(OR=4.246,95%CI:2.968~6.075)、城市户籍(OR=4.424,95%CI:3.210~6.096)、文化程度(初中,OR=1.712,95%CI:1.149~2.551;高中/中专,OR=3.883,95%CI:2.645~5.702;大专及以上,OR=6.830,95%CI:4.033~11.568)、职业(个体经营户,OR=3.195,95%CI:1.747~5.843;退休人员,OR=6.600,95%CI:3.240~13.446;工人,OR=8.250,95%CI:4.163~16.349;学生,OR=9.562,95%CI:4.560~20.051;公务员/事业单位人员,OR=11.756,95%CI:5.571~24.809)、月收入(1500元~,OR=2.177,95%CI:1.427~3.321;>4500元,OR=6.359,95%CI:3.931~10.289)、过去2年流感疫苗接种次数(1次,OR=6.552,95%CI:4.086~10.504;2次,OR=9.601,95%CI:3.995~23.073)、知晓流感疫苗知识(OR=14.641,95%CI:10.426~20.558)和对流感疫苗持积极态度(OR=28.706,95%CI:19.660~41.915)的居民流感疫苗接种愿意较高。结论鄂州市居民流感疫苗接种意愿率为47.93%,接种意愿与年龄、居住地、户籍、文化程度、职业、月收入、流感疫苗接种史、流感疫苗知识知晓程度和流感疫苗相关态度有关。

Objective To investigate the willingness to receive influenza vaccines and its influencing factors among resi⁃dents in Ezhou City,Hubei Province,so as to provide the evidence for improving the coverage of influenza vaccination.Methods Residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled from 12 communities in Ezhou City using a multi stage random sampling method in May 2022.Participants'demographic features,influenza vaccination,awareness of influ⁃enza vaccine knowledge,attitudes towards influenza vaccination and willingness to receive influenza vaccine were collect⁃ed using questionnaire surveys.Factors affecting the willingness to receive influenza vaccine were identified using a mul⁃tivariable logistic regression model.Results Totally 840 questionnaires were allocated,and 820 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 97.62%.The participants included 385 men(46.95%)and 435 women(53.05%)and had a mean age of(42.04±14.82)years.Among all participants,47.93%were willing to receive influenza vaccine.Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age(15-24 years,OR=6.010,95%CI:3.342-10.809;25-39 years,OR=4.555,95%CI:2.815-7.369;40-59 years,OR=1.697,95%CI:1.057-2.724),living in Echeng District(OR=4.246,95%CI:2.968-6.075),urban household registration(OR=4.424,95%CI:3.210-6.096),educational level(junior high school,OR=1.712,95%CI:1.149-2.551;high school/technical secondary school,OR=3.883,95%CI:2.645-5.702;diploma and above,OR=6.830,95%CI:4.033-11.568),occupation(self-employed person,OR=3.195,95%CI:1.747-5.843;retiree,OR=6.600,95%CI:3.240-13.446;worker,OR=8.250,95%CI:4.163-16.349;student,OR=9.562,95%CI:4.560-20.051;civil servant/public institution personnel,OR=11.756,95%CI:5.571-24.809),monthly income(≥1500 Yuan,OR=2.177,95%CI:1.427-3.321;>4500 Yuan,OR=6.359,95%CI:3.391-10.289),times of influenza vaccination in the past two years(once,OR=6.552,95%CI:4.086-10.504;twice,OR=9.601,95%CI:3.995-23.073),awareness of influenza vaccine knowledge(OR=14.641,95%CI:10.426-20.558),and positive attitudes towards influenza vaccines(OR=28.706,95%CI:19.660-41.915)as factors affecting the willingness to receive influenza vaccines.Conclusions The willingness to receive influenza vaccine was 47.93%among residents in Ezhou City,and age,residence,household registration,educational level,occupation,income level,history of influenza vaccination,awareness of influenza vaccine-related knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccines correlate with the willingness to receive influenza vaccine.