贵安新区农村孕产妇母婴健康素养及健康教育需求调查

Maternal and infant health literacy and health education needs among rural pregnant and lying-in women in Guian New Area

目的了解贵阳市贵安新区农村孕产妇母婴健康素养水平并分析影响因素,为开展母婴健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选择2021年10—12月在贵安新区乡镇卫生院纳入健康管理的孕产妇为调查对象,收集基本信息、母婴健康素养水平和母婴健康教育需求。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析孕产妇母婴健康素养的影响因素。结果有效调查918人,孕妇325人,占35.40%。已婚823人,占89.65%。初中及以下学历466人,占50.76%。农村户籍847人,占92.27%。家庭月收入≤3200元695人,占75.71%。具备母婴健康素养267人,具备率为29.08%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,经产妇(OR=3.418,95%CI:1.689~6.919)、文化程度(大专,OR=2.901,95%CI:1.230~6.842;本科及以上,OR=6.282,95%CI:2.548~15.489)、家庭人均月收入(3201元~,OR=2.373,95%CI:1.499~3.757;≥5001元,OR=7.752,95%CI:3.072~19.558)、既往患病(OR=3.045,95%CI:1.175~5.406)、使用母子健康手册(OR=1.881,95%CI:1.345~2.632)和重视健康教育(OR=1.735,95%CI:1.222~2.463)是具备母婴健康素养水平的促进因素。孕产妇母婴健康教育需求以婴幼儿生长发育知识、婴幼儿常见疾病处理、婴儿日常护理和婴儿营养与喂养为主,分别为745、719、651和646人,占81.15%、78.32%、70.92%和70.37%。结论贵安新区农村孕产妇母婴健康素养水平偏低,健康教育需求较大。应重点关注文化程度低、收入低、初产的农村孕产妇群体。

Objective To investigate the level of maternal and infant health literacy and its influencing factors among rural pregnant and lying-in women in Guian New Area,Guiyang City,so as to provide insights into maternal and in⁃fant health education.Methods All pregnant and lying-in women included in health management in township hospitals of Guian New Area from October to December 2021 were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method.Participants'basic features,maternal and infant health literacy and health education needs were collected using electron⁃ic questionnaires,and factors affecting maternal and infant health literacy were identified among pregnant and lying-in women using unconditioned multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 918 valid questionnaires were re⁃covered,and the participants included 325 pregnant women(35.40%),823 married women(89.65%),466 women with an educational level of junior high school and below(50.76%),847 rural household registration(92.27%),695 women with monthly family income of 3200 Yuan and less(75.71%),and 267 women with maternal and infant health literacy(29.08%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified pluripara(OR=3.418,95%CI:1.689-6.919),educational lev⁃el(diploma,OR=2.901,95%CI:1.230-6.842;bachelor and above,OR=6.282,95%CI:2.548-15.489),household monthly income per capita(3201-5000 Yuan,OR=2.373,95%CI:1.499-3.757;5001 Yuan and more,OR=7.752,95%CI:3.072-19.558),a disease history(OR=3.045,95%CI:1.175-5.406),use of maternal and child health manuals(OR=1.881,95%CI:1.345-2.632)and emphasizing health education(OR=1.735,95%CI:1.122-2.463)as factors promoting for the level of maternal and infant health literacy.In addition,pregnant and lying-in women's major maternal and infant health education needs included infant growth and development knowledge(745 women,81.15%),management of com⁃mon infant diseases(719 women,78.32%),daily infant nursing(651 women,70.92%)and infant nutrition and feeding(646 women,70.37%).Conclusions The level of maternal and infant health literacy is low among rural pregnant and lying-in women in Guian New Area,and there is a high demand for health education.High attention should be paid to rural pregnant and lying-in women with a low educational level,low incomes,and primipara.