青岛市和陇南市低年级小学生近视状况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of Myopia and Analysis of Primary Students in Qingdao and Longnan

目的:通过对比调查青岛市和陇南市1~3年级小学生近视状况,为相关部门制定近视防控个性化方案提供依据。方法:2020年5—8月分别在青岛市和陇南市主城区采用整群随机抽样法各抽取2所小学1~3年级学生共2145人,其中青岛市1390人,陇南市755人。对学生近视状况及影响因素进行调查分析。结果:2145名小学生中,共检出近视学生424人,近视检出率为19.77%。青岛市小学生的近视检出率为21.87%,高于陇南市小学生的近视检出率(15.89%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.019,P<0.05)。青岛市1~3年级小学生近视检出率分别为14.49%、20.64%和30.00%,陇南市分别为13.21%、16.33%和18.88%。年级、每天完成作业时间及阅读用眼时间、每天使用电子设备总时长、每天户外活动时间、每天睡眠时间为两地区小学生近视的共同影响因素。结论:青岛市1~3年级小学生近视检出率高于陇南市学生,两地区学生近视的共同影响因素以近距离用眼时间、电子设备使用时长、户外活动时间、睡眠时间等环境因素为主。因此,两地区在制定学生近视防控措施时应充分考虑环境因素。

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of Myopia and its related factors in primary school students in Qingdao and Longnan,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of Myopia in primary students.METHODS From May to August2020,a total of 2145 students were selected from two primary schools in the main urban areas of Qingdao and Longnan,respectively,including 1390 in Qingdao and 755 in Longnan.The student myopia status and the influencing factors were investigated and analyzed.RESULTS The detection rate of myopia was 19.77%.The detection rate of myopia among primary school students in Qingdao was 21.87%,which was higher than that of primary school students in Longnan(15.89%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.019,P<0.05).The detection rate of myopia among primary school students from grades 1 to 3 in Qingdao was 14.49%,20.64%and 30.00%,respectively,and 13.21%,16.33%and 18.88%in Longnan,respectively.Grade,daily homework time and reading time,daily total use of electronic equipment,daily outdoor activity time and daily sleep time were the common influencing factors of myopia in primary school students in the two regions.CONCLUSION The detection rate of myopia in grades 1 to 3 in Qingdao is higher than that in Longnan.The common influencing factors of myopia in students in the two regions are mainly environmental factors such as close eye time,length of electronic equipment use,outdoor activity time and sleep time.Therefore,environmental factors should be fully considered when formulating the prevention and control measures for student myopia.