环境规制下中国能源效率的区域异质性研究

Regional Heterogeneity of Energy Efficiency in China under Environmental Regulation

能源是中国经济跨越式发展的基本动力保障,环境规制约束下提高能源效率成为实现能源高质量发展的重要途径。结合2001—2020年中国30个省(区、市)的面板数据,采用超效率SBM模型测度考虑环境规制的能源效率,运用泰尔指数与核密度估计法揭示中国能源效率的地区差异来源和分布动态演进,借助计量模型分析能源效率的驱动因子及异质性,研究结果表明:中国能源效率偏低,但“十二五”以来增长趋势明显,地区间效率水平存在明显差异;中国能源效率的总体差距较大,东西差距与南北差距交替成为总体差距的主要来源;地区内差距是造成总体差距的重要原因,考察期内多数局部地区出现过不同程度的极化现象;全国视角下,经济增长对能源效率提高存在抑制作用,城市化、产业升级、技术创新和能源结构对能源效率提高具有促进作用,并且驱动因子的作用效果存在区域异质性。

Energy is the basic driving force for the leapfrog development of China’s economy,and improving energy efficiency under the constraints of environmental regulations has become an important way to achieve high-quality energy development.Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2020,the super-efficient SBM model is used to measure energy efficiency considering environmental regulations,and the dynamic evolution of regional differences and distribution of energy efficiency in China is revealed by using the Thiel index and kernel density estimation method,and the driving factors and heterogeneity of energy efficiency are analyzed by means of econometric models.China’s energy efficiency is low,but the trend of growth since the 12th Five-Year Plan is obvious,and there are significant differences in efficiency levels between regions.The overall gap in energy efficiency in China is large,with the East-West gap alternating with the North-South gap as the main source of the overall gap.Intra-regional disparities are an important cause of overall disparities,and most local areas have experienced varying degrees of polarization during the study period.In the national perspective,economic growth has a suppressive effect on energy efficiency,urbanization,industrial upgrading,technological innovation and energy structure have a catalytic effect on energy efficiency,and there is regional heterogeneity in the effects of the drivers.