摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide[1,2].The main therapies for HCC include surgical re-section,local ablation,or liver transplantation,which are only applied to early-stage HCC.However,most patients at the time of initial HCC diagnosis have already progressed to an advanced stage,and survival can only be prolonged finitely via palliative therapies,such as transarterial chemoembolization,systemic ther-apy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors,and selective internal radiation therapy[3,4].Moreover,as HCC has a high recurrence rate,the treatment efficacy is not satisfactory[5].Currently,the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC primarily depend on serum biomarker de-tection,pathological examination,and imaging analysis.Common serum markers display poor diagnostic performance,and imaging and pathological examinations have limitations in diagnostic accu-racy and sensitivity[6,7].Therefore,we urgently require better ap-proaches for the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC.
