柳宗元文章取法诸子论及其文章学意义

Critique of Liu Zongyuan’s Prose’s Adoption of Pre-Qin Scholars and Its Literary Signifi cance

明清及民国时期围绕柳宗元文章的批评,常指出其对先秦诸子之文的取法,或直接将其归为名家之文。这些评论揭示出柳文的一些关键特征,为今人研究提供了借鉴。究其原因,这一时期子学的复兴,使得评文者自身的知识结构发生了变化,对四部之学辨章学术、考镜源流式的梳理,也推动了文论家去勾连唐宋古文与先秦诸子间的发展脉络。探讨古文与先秦诸子的关联,不仅见于柳文批评,也存在于其他唐宋八大家的批评中。对柳文取法诸子一面的强调,使其论辩文受到更多的关注,有助于改变柳文接受史中山水游记独受重视的局面。

In the Ming, Qing and the period of the Republic of China, the critique of Liu Zongyuan’s proses often indicated his adoption of the writing style of the pre-Qin scholars, or categorized it as the School of Logicians.These comments reveal the key features of Liu’s proses and offer reference for contemporary studies. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: the revival of pre-Qin scholars led to alteration of commentators’ intellectual structure, and the trend of examining the transformation among the Si Bu(the Four Branches of Literature) propelled scholars to trace the development between guwen(ancient prose) and the pre-Qin scholars’ works. The analysis of the connection between guwen(ancient prose) and pre-Qin scholars is a common phenomenon in the critique of the Eight Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. The emphasis on Liu Zongyuan’s adoption of pre-Qin scholars increased the attention to his argumentative proses and thus helped to change the exclusive focus on his landscape travel notes.