光学相干层析成像技术在器官疾病诊断上的应用

Optical coherence tomography technology for diagnosis of diseases in organs

在现代医学中,核扫描、正电子发射断层扫描(Positron Emission Tomography,PET)和磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)技术已被广泛应用于提供组织形态和功能信息。但是这些技术在分辨率或成像深度上各有缺点,而一种基于低相干干涉原理的新型光学检测技术则可以同时实现高分辨率和大深度成像,该技术称为光学相干层析成像技术(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)。OCT技术是一种将高纵向分辨率和高横向分辨率结合的非接触、非侵入、无损伤影像技术,可以实现与活体组织病理学观察相同的作用。OCT采用低能量的近红外光源作为探测光,并结合显微镜头、手持式探头或内窥镜等非损伤方式进行常规检测,不会对生物组织造成损伤。同时OCT结合发展迅速的图像采集分析处理技术,可实现实时三维成像,从中提取对诊断有用的信息进行定量分析,为医生的诊断提供便利。该综述重点介绍经典OCT成像技术及其相关医疗应用技术,如SD-OCT、SS-OCT、aOCT、PS-OCT和D-OCT,在呼吸系统、口腔、脑组织和肾脏等其他主要器官疾病检测中的应用。

In modern medicine,nuclear scans,Positron Emission Tomography(PET),and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)technology have been widely used to provide tissue morphology and functional information.However,these technologies have their own shortcomings in resolution or imaging depth.A new optical detection technology based on the principle of low-coherence interference can achieve high-resolution and large-depth imaging at the same time.This technology is called optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology.OCT technology is a non-contact,non-invasive,non-damage imaging technology that combines high longitudinal resolution with high transverse resolution,and can achieve the same effect as biopsy observation.OCT uses a low-energy near-infrared light source as the detection light,combined with non-damaging methods such as microscope heads,hand-held probes or endoscopes,for routine detection,and will not cause damage to biological tissues.At the same time,OCT combined with rapidly developing image acquisition,analysis and processing technology can realize real-time three-dimensional imaging,and extract useful information for diagnosis for quantitative analysis,which provides convenience for doctors'diagnosis.This review focuses on the classic OCT imaging technology and its related medical application technologies,such as SD-OCT,SS-OCT,aOCT,PS-OCT and D-OCT,in the detection of diseases of the respiratory system,oral cavity,brain tissue,kidney and other major organs in the application.