基于三维生态足迹的陕西省土地自然资本可持续利用与脱钩效应

Sustainable Use of Land Natural Capital and Decoupling Effect in ShaanxiProvince Based on Three-dimensional Ecological Footprint

陕西省作为中国中西部重要的经济枢纽且处于生态环境脆弱区。为促进区域可持续发展,基于改进的三维足迹模型,从产品-地类-地区三重尺度,采用国家公顷法对陕西省二十年间土地自然资本利用状况进行测度,并进一步分析其与经济发展的脱钩效应。结果表明:(1)2000~2019年陕西省人均生态足迹基本呈现一直增加的趋势,人均土地承载力则呈现缓慢下降的趋势,地区生态赤字呈现先增加后有所下降的变化趋势。(2)2000~2019年陕西省足迹广度与足迹深度总体均为增加的变化趋势,且除延安与榆林外,陕西省其他八个市的足迹深度均大于1,自然资本存量消耗严重。(3)2010年后,各市强脱钩状态的比例有所增加,传统经济发展模式正发生转变,生态治理措施取得了初步成效。但是,足迹广度基尼系数呈增长态势,区域内部自然资本流量利用不公平程度加剧。

Shaanxi Province is an important economic hub in central and western China and is located in an ecologically fragile area.In order to promote regional sustainable development,based on the improved threedimensional footprint model,this paper measures the use of land natural capital in Shaanxi Province over two decades from the product-land class-region triple scale using the national hectare method,and further analyzes its decoupling effect with economic development.The results show that:(1)the per capita land footprint of Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2019 basically shows a trend of increasing all the time,while the per capita land bearing capacity shows a slow decreasing trend,and the regional ecological deficit shows a change trend of increasing first and then decreasing.(2)Both footprint size and footprint depth in Shaanxi Province show an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2019,and except for Yanan and Yulin,all other eight cities in Shaanxi Province have a footprint depth larger than 1,indicating serious depletion of natural capital stock.(3)After 2010,the proportion of municipalities with strong decoupling status has increased,the traditional economic development model is being transformed,and ecological management measures have achieved initial results.However,the Gini coefficient of footprint size is increasing,and the inequity of natural capital flow utilization within the region is intensifying.