油菜芥菜间作对修复土壤降低芥菜锌累积的效应

Effect of Intercropping between Rape and Mustard on Soil Remediation and Reduction of Zn Accumulation in Indian Mustard

为探讨Zn累积植物与蔬菜间作对土壤、蔬菜Zn污染效应,筛选有效降低土壤、蔬菜Zn污染的间作组合,用重金属超累积植物印度芥菜和同属油菜与芥菜间作,以单种芥菜为对照进行田间试验。结果表明:间作植物地上部的Zn含量(12.61~75.10 mg·kg^(-1))、Zn富集系数(0.661~3.942)、Zn提取量(55.44~223.80 mg·20 m^(-2))大小依次均为:印度芥菜>芥菜型油菜>甘蓝型油菜>白菜型油菜。芥菜与印度芥菜、油菜间作的较单种芥菜的植株Zn含量有升有降,其中与印度芥菜、‘荚荚多腊菜’、‘秦油2号’、‘超级美国王’油菜等间作的组合中芥菜Zn含量均表现升高,与‘姜山金黄’、‘三月黄油菜’、‘中油828’油菜等间作的组合中芥菜Zn含量均表现下降。不同处理对土壤Zn提取率(0.015%~0.052%)大小依次为:印度芥菜+芥菜>‘姜山金黄’+芥菜>‘荚荚多腊菜’+芥菜、‘超级美国王’+芥菜>‘秦油2号’+芥菜>‘中油828’+芥菜>‘三月黄’+芥菜>单种芥菜。印度芥菜与芥菜间作组合较单种芥菜的土壤全Zn含量下降7.67%,其他间作组合较单种芥菜的对土壤全Zn含量影响不大。不同间作处理以及单种芥菜的土壤pH值、氧离子交换量差别不大。

In order to explore the effects of intercropping between Zn accumulation plants and vegetables on the Zn pollution effects of soil and vegetables,and screen the intercropping combination which can effectively reduce Zn pollution of soil and vegetables,field experiments of intercropping between Indian mustard and the same genus of rape as heavy metal super accumulation plants and leaf mustard were carried out with no intercropping leaf mustard as control.The results showed that the Zn content(12.61-75.10 mg·kg^(-1)),Zn enrichment coefficient(0.661-3.942)and Zn extraction amount(55.44-223.80 mg·20 m^(-2))in the aboveground parts of intercropping plants were in the order of Indian mustard>Brassica juncea>Brassica napus>Brassica campestris.The Zn content of plants intercropped with leaf mustard,Indian mustard and rape increased and decreased compared with that of no-intercropping leaf mustard.Zn content of leaf mustard in the combination intercropped with Indian mustard,podocara,‘Jiajiaduolacai’‘Qinyou 2’and‘Super American King’rape increased while that of leaf mustard in the combination intercropped with‘Jiangshanjinhuang’,‘Sanyuehuange’and‘Zhongyou 828’rape decreased.The Zn extraction rate in soil(0.015%-0.052%)of different treatments was in the order of Indian mustard+leaf mustard>‘Jiangshanjinhuang’+leaf mustard>‘Jiajiaduolacai’+leaf mustard,‘super American King’+leaf mustard>‘Qinyou 2’+leaf mustard>‘Zhongyou 828’+leaf mustard>‘Sanyuehung’+leaf mustard>no-intercropping leaf mustard.The total Zn content of soil in the intercropping combination of Indian mustard and leaf mustard decreased by 7.67%compared with that of no-intercropping leaf mustard,and other intercropping combinations had little effect on the total Zn content of soil compared with that of no intercropping leaf mustard.The soil pH value and oxygen ion exchange capacity of different intercropping treatments and no-intercropping leaf mustard had little difference.