资本禀赋、城市环境对流动人口机会型创业的影响研究

Effects of capital endowment and urban context on opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants in urban China

在“大众创业、万众创新”的时代背景下,流动人口机会型创业的发生机制是亟待深入研究的问题。论文通过关注个体资本禀赋和城市环境2个层面因素,对比跨省、省内跨市和市内跨县3类不同范围的流动群体,剖析了中国城市流动人口机会型创业的影响机制。结果表明:(1)中国城市流动人口的总体机会型创业率较低,但跨省流动人口的创业率高于省内跨市和市内跨县流动人口;(2)不同资本禀赋对3类流动人口机会型创业产生了差异化影响。社会资本与经济资本之间存在互补关系,随着流动范围的扩大,社会资本对流动人口机会型创业的影响不断增强,经济资本的影响则逐渐减弱;(3)城市环境解释了10%~20%的流动人口机会型创业决策变异,流动范围越大,流动人口对外在环境的变化越敏感,尤其劳动力市场分割状况显著影响了跨省流动人口的创业决策。此外,个体资本禀赋与城市环境的相互作用对机会型创业的影响同时存在着负向和正向2种效应。针对不同流动范围人口机会型创业的影响机制及其差异性的探讨,可为完善城市创业支持体系提供科学依据。

Under the background of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation",the underlying mechanism of migrant opportunity entrepreneurship is of great significance for promoting the new-type urbanization and highquality development.By focusing on individual capital endowment and urban contextual factors,this study analyzed the mechanisms of opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants in urban China by using data from the2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and dual-level logistic modeling,and comparing three different types of migration scopes—interprovincial,interprefecture/intercity,and intercounty.The results show that:1) The overall level of opportunity entrepreneurship of migrants was low,whereas the entrepreneurial rate of interprovincial migrants was higher than interprefecture/intercity and intercounty migrants.2) Different capital endowments had different effects on the opportunity entrepreneurship of the three types of migrants.A complementary relationship between social capital and financial capital was observed.With the expansion of the migration scope,the influence of social capital on migrant opportunity entrepreneurship was increasing,while the impact of financial capital was gradually weakening.3) Urban context explains 10%-20% of the variation of the opportunity entrepreneurial decision of migrants.The larger the scope of migration,the more sensitive the migrants were to the change of external context.In particular,the segmentation of labor market significantly affected the entrepreneurial decision of the interprovincial migrants.In addition,the interaction between individual capital endowment and urban context had both negative and positive effects on opportunity entrepreneurship.This study revealed the influencing factors of opportunity entrepreneurship and its difference among migrants in different migration scopes,which provides a reference for improving urban entrepreneurship support system.