朝向马克思主义地理学:探寻城市化与正义问题的本质——哈维著《社会正义与城市》述评

Toward Marxist geography:Exploring the nature of urbanism and justice:A review on David Harvey’s Social Justice and the City

马克思主义地理学既是人文地理学的重要流派,也深刻影响了其他学科领域。大卫·哈维的《社会正义与城市》是马克思主义地理学的奠基之作。由于该书理论性强,涉及很多大而复杂的问题,因而也很难解读。哈维试图从整体视角理解和剖析城市(化)问题,创新了“社会进程—空间形式”的理论。通过比较自由主义与马克思主义的城市研究方法论,得出理论的本质在于方法和哲学的综合,空间的本质在于人的实践,正义的本质取决于社会进程的运行,城市化的本质是资本生产的需要和产物的结论。该书开创了马克思主义地理学的知识地基,开辟了城市研究的批判路径,开拓了当代马克思主义的生长点。中国知识分子应该密切关注不平衡的城市化,提出新发展阶段的“城市总问题”,坚持和强化思想研究,通过对不同经典理论的症候阅读,围绕时代问题大胆进行理论革命。

Marxist geography is an important school in human geography,but also has a profound influence on other disciplines.David Harvey’s Social Justice and the City is the founding work of Marxist geography.This book is highly theoretical and involves many large and complex issues,and thus is also difficult to interpret.Harvey tried to understand and analyze urban(ism) problems from a holistic perspective,and innovated the theory of "social processes-spatial form".By comparing the urban research methodology between liberalism and Marxism,he concluded that the nature of theory arises from the synthesis of methods and philosophy,the nature of space lies in human practices,the nature of justice depends on the operation of the social processes,and the nature of urbanism is the needs and products of capital production.This work created the knowledge foundation of Marxist geography,forged the critical path of urban research,and opened up the growth point of contemporary Marxism.Chinese intellectuals should pay close attention to the uneven urbanism,put forward the "general urban problem" in the new development stage,insist on and strengthen the thoughts research,and make a bold theoretical revolution around contemporary issues through symptomatic reading of different classic theories.