奶牛性控精液人工授精技术应用效果的研究

Study on the Application Effect of Artificial Insemination Technique for Dairy Cows with Sexual Control of Semen

为研究奶牛性控精液人工授精技术在中国荷斯坦奶牛中的应用效果,对新疆昌吉州和巴州两地区的共24566头奶牛开展了性控精液人工授精技术推广试验。结果表明:①2016—2018年连续3年累计推广性控冷冻精液42491剂,母牛情期受胎率平均达64.12%,平均产母犊率92.7%;②初产牛和2胎次(及以下)牛的情期受胎率极显著高于3胎次(及以上)牛(P<0.01),初产牛的情期受胎率显著高于2胎次(及以下)牛(P<0.05);③在1次输精的情况下,初产牛在发情后的16~18 h进行人工授精的效果较好,成母牛在发情后的18~20 h能获得较好的结果;④不同技术人员对性控精液人工授精效果的影响达极显著水平(P<0.01)。因此,在大规模、大范围推广应用性控精液人工输精技术时,参配母牛应选择初产牛和2胎次(及以下),授精时间选择在母牛发情后16~18 h(初产牛)和18~20 h(成母牛),同时要提高技术人员的人工授精水平。

In order to study the application effect of artificial insemination with sex-controlled semen in Chinese Holstein cows,24566 dairy cows in Changji and Bazhou of Xinjiang were used to carry out the popularization experiment of artificial insemination with sex-controlled semen.The results showed as follows:①from 2016 to 2018,a total of 42491 doses of extended controlled frozen semen were accumulated.The average conception rate of cows in estrus was 64.12%,and the average calving rate was 92.7%.②The estrus conception rate of primiparous and 2 parity(below)cattle was significantly higher than that of 3 parity(above)cattle(P<0.01),and the estrus conception rate of primiparous cattle was significantly higher than that of 2 parity(below)cattle(P<0.05).③In the case of one insemination,the effect of artificial insemination in primiparae at 16-18 h after estrus was better,and in adult cows at 18-20 h after estrus was better.④The influence of different technical personnel on the artificial insemination effect of sex-controlled semen reached the extremely significant level(P<0.01).Therefore,in the large-scale and large-scale promotion of the application of controlled semen artificial insemination technology,the participating cows should choose primiparous cows and 2 parity(and below),and the insemination time should be 16-18 h(primiparous cows)and 18-20 h(adult cows)after estrus,and the artificial insemination level of technicians should be improved.