Breeding of Super-large-grain Wheat Germplasms

[Objectives]This study was conducted to breed high-yielding wheat varieties. [Methods] A new breeding technology of "Artificial mutagenesis to increase genetic differences between parents and to enhance heterosis" was put forward. Longnan 71 a and Longnan 71 a mutants bred by this technology were crossed with other mutants and normal materials. [Results] In the Wudu experimental field of Longnan City, the traits of super-large grain appeared in the obverse and inverse cross with Longnan 71 a as parents. The trait of super-large grain was dominantly inherited. The traits of various combinations in the Fgeneration were segregated. In the Fgeneration, one super-large-grain low-stalk line and other lines with specific traits were selected. In the Fgeneration, two super-large-grain low-stalk large-ear lines were selected. These three super-large-grain low-stalk wheat lines had reduced plant height and good lodging resistance, and possessed two high-yielding characters among the three factors of yield, so they were expected to be further bred into high-yielding wheat varieties. One line with the largest grain length of 10.3 mm was selected in the Fgeneration. After two years of breeding, in 2022, the largest grain length was measured to be 10.6 mm, and the average 1 000-grain weight and the largest 1 000-grain weight were 75.8 and 100 g, respectively. [Conclusions] This study is about the major progress in artificial cultivation of super-large-grain wheat and has considerable practical value.