《共产党宣言》中经济学和经济社会学学理问题探讨——兼评熊彼特《社会学和经济学中的〈共产党宣言〉》

A Probe into the Theoretical Issues of Economics and Economic Sociology in The Communist Manifesto——Also on Schumpeter’s“The Communist Manifesto in Sociology and Economics”

《共产党宣言》以唯物史观“经济—社会整体结构”理论为基础,对经济学和经济社会学学理的阐释和应用,是对孔德提出的社会学学理的超越,也是对穆勒关于政治经济学要同“社会哲学”和“社会思想”结合理念的扬弃。对《共产主义信条草案》和《共产主义原理》两个文本的比较研究,能够更为深透地理解《共产党宣言》中阐释的经济学和经济社会学学理及其特征。熊彼特在《社会学和经济学中的〈共产党宣言〉》的“分析性”研究中,对《共产党宣言》“历史的经济解释”“社会阶级理论”和“国家理论”作出的阐释,对《共产党宣言》中提出的“巨大的灾难”“生产过剩的瘟疫”和形成经济社会学基本“社会观点”作出的肯定性评价,瑕瑜互见,对我们深化《共产党宣言》中经济学和经济社会学学理研究有多方面学术启示。

The Communist Manifesto is based on the historical materialist theory of“the overall structure of economy and society”,and its interpretation and application of economics and economic sociology theory is a transcendence of the sociological theory proposed by Comte,and also a sublation of Mill’s idea that political economy should be combined with“social philosophy”and“social thought”.A comparative study of the two texts“Draft of Communist Confession of Faith”and“Principles of Communism”can provide a deeper understanding of the economics and economic sociology and their characteristics explained in the“Manifesto”.In the“Analytical”study of“The Communist Manifesto in Sociology and Economics”,Schumpeter explained the“economic interpretation of history”,“social class theory”and“state theory”of the Manifesto.He also made a positive evaluation of the“great disaster”and“plague of overproduction”proposed in the“Manifesto”and the formation of the basic“social view”of economic sociology.These advantages and disadvantages are compared with each other,and there are still many academic inspirations for us to deepen the theoretical study of economics and economic sociology in the Declaration.