创造力的“阴暗面”与“创新—保新”的协同论

“The Dark Side” of Creativity and “Novelty-Generating and Novelty-Preserving” Synergism

新生的西方创造力哲学已成功地开垦出了创造力阴暗面和双刃剑角色这一研究领域。加波拉等人基于心理学和神经网络模型等方面的成果创造性地提出,创造力的健康发展、阴暗面的消解,不仅离不开对创造力构成、机制和本质特别是适应值的深入认知,而且需要加强创造力自调节机制的建设和“创新—保新”关系的协调,进行新的社会分工,重视模仿者的“文化记忆”地位。创造力并非越多越好。其好与坏、有利与不利,要根据对社会文化进步的作用来判断。全面辩证地看待创造力需要正视创造力的双刃剑角色。创造力的神圣角色、积极作用毋庸置疑,予以大力发扬仍是当代社会的主旋律,但其负面效应和阴暗面,也不能置若罔闻。创造力哲学的进一步的探讨课题是,创造力阴暗面特别是邪恶或反社会创造力的表现、根源、机制与对策。这一探讨既是反制和消解反社会创造力的实践需要,也有利于创造力哲学的创新发展。

The newborn western philosophy of creativity has successfully unearthed the dark side of creativity and its role as a double-edged sword. Based on the relevant psychological data and neural network model,Gabora et al. creatively proposed that the sound development of creativity and the elimination of its dark side not only depends on the in-depth understanding of the composition,mechanism and nature of creativity,especially its adaptive value,but also relies on the reinforcement of self-regulation mechanism of creativity and “novelty-generating and novelty-preserving”Synergism. New social division of labor and the “cultural memory”status of imitators are also emphasized. Creativity should be assessed by its effects on social and cultural progress. A comprehensive evaluation of creativity requires proper analysis of its role as a double-edged sword: its positive role is recognized and should be promoted;whereas its negative value is instantiated as the dark aspects of creativity. This thesis further explores the instances,origin and mechanism of and solution to the dark side of creativity,especially the evil or anti-social creativity. This discussion intends to respond to the need of restraining and eliminating anti-social creativity,thus developing the philosophy of creativity.