地方治理目标的呈现与实现——法国市镇联合体空间规划的传导与实施

Emergence of Local Governance Goal and Its Achievement:Transmission and Supervision in French Spatial Planning of Intercommunalité

市镇联合体是法国为了推进其基层行政单元市镇的空间联合治理而创造的特有产物,是目前法国地方层级空间规划的主要编制主体,其主导的区域性战略规划和指导建设实施的详细规划的编制、传导和实施,体现了地方主体在空间规划领域对治理目标的逐步呈现、具体化和实施的过程。市镇联合体的空间治理目标的形成,源于上位规划、政策和一些前位专项规划在联合体层面与地方发展诉求的横向统筹,经过进一步细化、延伸和解释,将目标的表述和结构图示落实为面向发展战略的重点地区指引,面向空间管控的用地计划和功能分区,以及面向建设行为的详细指引,最终在联合体主导的自我评估监督以及对国家、社会和市场主体的监督过程中,确保治理目标的实现。法国市镇联合体的空间规划传导与实施,体现了法国地方规划治理在行动主体、空间范围和事务内容方面的开放性,体现了地方区域性规划和详细规划与整个国土空间规划体系的良好衔接和内部连贯,为我国国土空间规划的地方规划治理与联合编制提供了启示借鉴。

The Intercommunalitéis a unique structure in the local governance in France,created for joint spatial governance of cities and towns.Nowadays,it is also the main body of local planning in France.The transmission and implementation of its regional and detailed plan reflect the emergence,concretization and realization of local governance goals in spatial planning.The formation of spatial governance goals of the Intercommunalitéstems from both the requirements of superior plans,policies and special plans,and the horizontal coordination of local development demands,and the refinement and interpretation of their expression and structure diagram will be translated into key indicators,construction guidelines,action plans,etc.The legitimacy supervision of the stateàpriori,technical-self supervision of the autonomous institutions of the Intercommunalité,as well as supervision of social subjects’rights defense according to the plan and the law assures the achievement of upmentioned local governance goals.The transmission and implementation of spatial planning of the Intercommunalitéreflects the openness of French local planning governance in terms of action subject,spatial scope,the coherence and articulation between local regional and detailed planning and the whole discourse system of territorial spatial planning,providing experience for joint local planning and governance in China.