21世纪初俄罗斯国土规划体系改革的特征和规划传导

Reform of Russian Territorial Planning System in the Early 21st Century:Characteristic and Transmission

俄罗斯于21世纪初先于我国10年开展了国土规划体系改革,其经验和教训对我国当前的国土空间规划体系建构具有一定借鉴价值。计划经济向市场经济的快速转型,使得俄罗斯国土规划体系具有新旧杂糅的特点,体现为多层级传导、多类型协调和多区域协作等。本文通过梳理进入21世纪以来俄罗斯在国土规划领域的改革,从规划立法、管控、编制等方面,探讨了以苏联时期规划体系为基础的俄罗斯国土规划制度特征、构成体系和传导方式,进而总结其对我国国土空间规划的启示,包括:对历史上既有规划、立法的回应;以经济发展为导向的多种规划协作;兼顾横向协调与纵向传导的规划实施;充分预估市镇村层面的规划编制的难度等。

Russia and China have similar institutional transition trajectory.In the field of planning,Russia’s reform of territorial planning system launched nearly 10 years earlier than China,thus have certain valuable insight for China’s spatial planning.In the past two decades,Russia has experienced radical social-economical changes.During the transition period,Russia’s territorial planning reform is characterized by multi-level transmission,coordination of multi-types of planning and multi-field cooperation,etc.Based on the investigation of Russia’s reform in the field of territorial planning in the early 21st century,this paper discusses the characteristics,the composition and the transmission of the territorial planning system developed in the Soviet era from the aspects of planning legislation,control and compilation.At the end,inspirations for China’s spatial planning are summarized,including“response to existing planning and legislation in history”,“multiple planning coordination oriented to economic development”and“planning implementation that takes into account both horizontal coordination and vertical transmission”.