宋代重编古易源流考

Textual Research on the Origin and Development of the Trend of Recompiling the Ancient Changes in the Song Dynasty

因无缘得见汉儒之前的《易经》原本,宋儒开始了恢复古易篇第的尝试,于是宋代易学史上出现了一批以“古易”命名的重编古易著作。以往研究不断充实重编古易的参与者,但未以成书与否作为判断标准。事实上,胡旦、胡瑗、邵雍皆无重编古易著作,王洙藏本直到南宋才有人提及,宋人重编古易且成书流传始于吕大防。吕著以复古为主,晁说之偏向“重编”。以己意重编古易的风气在南宋得到发展,从数“十翼”到改卦序,其中影响最大的“古易五家”被《中兴馆阁续书目》著录并以成说流传。重编古易体现了宋代复古以求新的学术特点,反映了宋儒高度的怀疑精神、理性精神、经世精神。

Due to the lack of an original edition of Changes compiled by Confucians preceding the Han(206 BCE-220 CE) dynasty, Song Confucians attempted to restore the chapters of the ancient Changes. Therefore, a number of recompiled Changes named “ancient Changes” appeared in the history of Yi scholarship in the Song dynasty. Former scholars constantly enriched the participants in the re-compilation of “ancient Changes”,but they did not take whether the book was completed or not as the judgment basis. In fact, Hu Dan(955-1034), Hu Yuan(993-1059) and Shao Yong(1011-1077) did not recompile “ancient Changes”,while the collection of Wang Zhu was not mentioned until the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127), the recompilation of the ancient Changes began to spread in the form of a book by Lü Dafang(1027-1097). Lü’s work was based on restoring ancient ways, while Chao Yuezhi tended to recompile it. The recompilation of the ancient Changes was developed in the Southern Song(1127-1279) dynasty, from compiling “Ten Wings” to changing the order of the hexagrams, among which the “five schools of ancient Changes” were most influential and recorded in the book Zhongxing Guange Continued Bibliography and spread as an accepted edition. The recompilation of the ancient Changes embodied the characteristics of seeking innovation from returning to the ancients in Song dynasty and reflected Song Confucians’ highly suspicious spirit, rational sense and practical purpose.