郑玄爻辰说“蕤宾又上生大吕之六四”考论

Textual Research on “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü upward” in Zheng Xuan’s Yaochen Theory

郑玄爻辰说以乾、坤十二爻与十二律相配,其注《周礼·大师》有“蕤宾又上生大吕之六四”一语。在明清以来的刻本中,这句话被篡改成了“蕤宾又下生大吕之六四”。考察郑玄《周礼注》不同版本的注文、有关郑玄律学观点的文献记载,以及运用乐理知识对蕤宾上生大吕和下生大吕两种情况分别进行测算,可以确定郑玄《周礼注》作“蕤宾又上生大吕之六四”。“蕤宾又下生大吕之六四”是刘歆将音律与易学结合的结果,这是后人篡改《周礼·大师》郑注的文献依据。

Zheng Xuan’s(127-200) Yaochen(lit., line-month, correlating the earthly branches with the hexagrams) theory used the twelve lines of Qian hexagram [■, The Creative, 1] and Kun hexagram [■, The Receptive, 2] to match with the twelve pitch pipes. There is an annotation in the Da shi(Great Masters) chapter in the Zhou li(Zhou Rituals) that “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü upward”. In the versions of the Ming(1368-1644) and Qing(1644-1912) dynasties, this sentence has been rewritten as “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü downward”. By examining the annotations of different versions of Zheng Xuan’s Zhou li zhu(Annotations to the Zhou Rituals), the records on Zheng Xuan’s theory of sound, and using the music theory to calculate outcomes for “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü upward” and “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü downward”, it can be determined that in Zheng Xuan’s Zhou li zhu it was written as “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü upward”. “Rui bin produces the fourth line of Da lü downward” was the result of combining music theory with Changes scholarship by Liu Xin(50 BCE-30 CE), and is also the document basis of the later distortion of Zheng Xuan’s annotation.