船山易学中的解释学循环——两端而一致的“几微”与“成象”

The Hermeneutic Circle of Wang Fuzhi’s Yi Scholarship:Consistency between Two Ends of “ji” and “Forming Images”

船山易学本就有“彖爻一致”的易学理路。爻之动即是“几微”,即是指“阴阳始交”的趋向性,即是人在生存境域中非课题化的先理解。彖,是对一卦之成象的总体理解。忧患促逼人之“几微”进入大化流行的因缘整体,存在得以显现出来。人心的几微之动,动而生象。此即“著几以成象”。船山易学之“象”主要的作用就是显现气的运化之迹,气的呈现乃是人之所感。“象”是对所感通的理解,同时也是人之存在的呈现。“成象”乃是有所成形的“象”,即是对某一境域之中的显隐十二位的各种姿态关联的总体描述,是对某一卦象创生的境域化的理解。即时即境的气化生动、大化流行,即存在者所直接领会的和存在的源初关联、源初牵引,都被这易象的解卦活动阐明出来。这就是“成象以显几”。故而,船山研《易》的体认经验必有“立卦”即“著几以成象”和“解卦”即“成象以显几”两端。此两端而一致之处,正是“几微”与“成象”之间的解释学循环,如环无端,意义方才“日生日成”。

Wang Fuzhi’s(1619-1692) Yi scholarship has its own way of “consistency of hexagram statement and line statement”. The movement of lines is “ji”(incipience), which refers to the tendency of “the beginning of the intercourse of yin and yang”, and the a-thematic pre-comprehension in the field of human survival. The hexagram statement is the general understanding of the image of one while hexagram. The humans are driven by anxiety and enter the whole natural moving progress, and their existence can therefore be revealed. The slightest movement of the people’s heart-mind produces images, which is called “manifestation of incipience produces images”. The main function of images in Wang Fuzhi’s Yi scholarship is to show the traces of the movements of qi(material force), which are felt by people. “Image” is not only the understanding resulting from empathetic reception, but also the presentation of human existence. “Image formation” is a shaped “image”, that is, an overall description of various postures of the twelve manifest and latent positions in a certain context, and an understanding of the specific contextualization of the creation of a certain hexagram. The vivid and flowing gasification of immediate environment is the original connection and attraction between existing people and existence, which are directly understood by the existent and are clarified by the interpretation activity of Yi images. This is “forming images to show incipience”. Therefore, the experience of understanding Yi of Wang Fuzhi must have both ends of “setting up hexagrams”——that is, “manifestation producing images”——and “interpreting hexagrams”——that is, “forming images to show incipience”. The consistency between these two ends is the hermeneutic cycle between “ji” and “imaging”, which is endless like a circle ——and the meaning is therefore “producing and completing day by day”.