考虑用户行为不确定性的阶梯式需求响应激励机制

Stepwise Incentive Mechanism of Demand Response Considering Uncertainty of User Behaviors

针对电力需求响应试点初期存在响应规模偏小、用户响应意愿较低且具有多重不确定性等问题,电网公司通过设计合理的需求侧互动机制引导用户积极、高效参与需求响应具有重要意义。为此,提出了考虑用户响应行为强不确定性的阶梯式需求响应激励机制随机优化模型。首先,构建参与需求响应的日前竞价市场用户切负荷行为和负荷波动的多重不确定性模型,以获得不同需求响应阶梯激励系数和调用场景下的期望响应量;然后,以电网公司为主体构建基于双层随机规划的阶梯式需求响应激励机制优化模型,上层构建在长时间尺度下的阶梯式需求响应激励机制阶梯区间和激励系数优化模型,并基于Pareto最优实现用户响应积极性最高、单位容量负荷激励成本最低的多目标优化;下层在给定的激励系数下,构建多负荷缺额场景下计及达标机会约束的需求响应调用裕度优化模型。最后,采用中国浙江省需求响应试点的实际数据进行仿真验证,结果表明阶梯式需求响应激励机制能够引导用户积极响应,并提高电网公司调用需求侧资源的经济效益。

Because of the multiple existing uncertainty problems,such as small response scale and low enthusiasm of users in the pilot region of demand response(DR)in China,it is of great significance for power grid corporations to design a reasonable demandside interaction mechanism to lead users to actively and efficiently participate in DR.Therefore,a stochastic optimization model of DR stepwise incentive mechanism considering the strong uncertainty of response behaviors of users is proposed.Firstly,a multiple uncertainty model of load shedding behaviors of users and load fluctuation in the demand-side bidding market is constructed to obtain the expected response demand in different scenarios.Secondly,the model of stepwise incentive mechanism based on the bilevel stochastic optimization is built for power grid corporations.In the upper level,the optimization model of ladder interval and incentive coefficient of stepwise incentive mechanism under a long timescale is constructed,and based on the Pareto front,the multi-objective optimization with the highest response enthusiasm of users and the lowest incentive cost per unit capacity load is realized.Then,given the incentive coefficient,the dispatching margin optimization model of demand response is built considering the DR compliance opportunity constraints in multiple scenarios of power deficit.Finally,the actual DR data in Zhejiang Province,China is utilized for simulation verification,and the simulation results show that the stepwise incentive mechanism can improve the enthusiasm of users and the benefits of power grid corporations.