明朝西南少数民族人才选拔政策及其历史影响

Policies and Influence of Personnel Selection of the Ming Dynasty in Minority Areas of Southwest China

明朝时期的少数民族文化教育政策,尤其是西南少数民族人才选拔政策,以“华夷无间”“因俗而治”为价值取向。本文梳理了明朝兴建学校,保证少数民族子弟入学,国子监优待招录和保证应举中举等少数民族人才选拔政策,指出其具有“教化”少数民族,稳定边疆和规范秩序,加速民族间的交融及增强国家认同等多重意义。

The educational policies of the Ming Dynasty in minority areas took the value orientation that both ethnic minorities and the Han should be treated as people of the Ming Dynasty,and special policies should be implemented based on local customs,especially the policies of personnel selection in minority areas of Southwest China.This paper sorts out the policies adopted in those areas,including building schools,ensuring the access to schools,recruiting with preferential treatment from Guozijian国子监(the imperial college),and safeguarding the deserved rights of taking and passing the imperial exam.On this basis,multiple significance is pointed out in this paper.Through those policies,the education quality of ethnic minorities was effectively improved,border areas enjoyed stability with a regulated order,the integration was promoted.