研发人员分布向企业倾斜有利于创新产出吗?——基于数量和质量双重视角的考察

Is R&D Personnel Distribution Weighed toward Enterprises Beneficial to Innovation Output?Based on the Perspective of Both Quantity and Quality

基于中国省际面板数据,并采用专利申请数量和知识宽度分别衡量创新数量和创新质量,文章发现2000~2017年间,研发人员分布重心逐渐向企业倾斜,显著推动了总体创新数量的增加。不过另一方面,研发人员分布向企业倾斜,并没有对创新质量产生显著积极效应。进一步考察机理后,文章发现政策获取动机诱导低水平创新和产学研合作不足是影响创新质量提升的两个重要制约因素。基于此,文章认为,政府决策者一方面应进一步明确企业部门在创新过程中的主体地位,营造鼓励企业创新的社会氛围,完善和优化创新激励政策,推动企业积极投入创新;另一方面要更加明确高等院校、科研机构等学术部门在创新体系中的定位,保障学术部门在前沿技术、关键技术,重大科技项目等领域的科研人力投入,并加强与企业部门的交流,促进学术部门研究成果向企业转移,从而带动创新质量提升。

Based on China’s interprovincial panel data and applying Patent Quantity and knowledge breadth to measure innovation quantity and quality separately, this research finds that in the period between 2000 and 2017, the research and development personnel were gradually concentrated in enterprises, which greatly increased the total number of innovations. However, no positive effect is found in innovation quality. Through further exploration of the mechanism, this paper finds that the low-level innovation caused by mere pursuit of government subsidies and the insufficient implementation of Industry-University-Research cooperation are two major constraints of the improvement of innovation quality. In such a situation, the research proposes that decisionmakers should further highlight the dominant position of enterprise departments in the innovation process, create a social atmosphere where enterprise innovation is encouraged, and improve the policy incentives for innovation to promote innovation output. In addition, they ought to make clear the position of academic sections such as colleges, universities and science and research institutions in the innovation system, guarantee the scientific research personnel input in cutting-edge technologies, key technologies and major scientific and technological projects, strengthen the communication with enterprise departments, and facilitate the transfer of academic sections’ research achievements to enterprises, thereby improving innovation quality.