半地穴房屋“窄长门道”功能初探

Preliminary Exploration of the Function of “Long Narrow Passageways” among Semi-Subterranean Houses

史前时期的半地穴房屋常利用斜坡门道或台阶进出。在仰韶文化早、中期半地穴房址中,经常出现长门道且火塘靠近门道的情况。更有一些房址中与火塘相连的长门道相当狭窄(本文将宽0.5米以下者称为“窄长门道”),一般其室外部分也较长,主要分布在内蒙古、陕西及甘肃等地。如岱海王墓山坡下遗址ⅠF11,门道呈长条形,长3.25、宽0.3~0.5米。

Houses with long passageways located near indoor hearths were one popular type of dwelling among semi-subterranean houses of the early and middle Yangshao culture period in the Yellow River valley.One such type of dwelling was characterized by a "long thin pas sage way",which was extremely narrow and led directly to the indoor hearth,making it inconvenient to enter and exit.Based on analysis of the dimensions of these passageways,the spatial relationship to hearths,and hearth construction technology,alongside relevant ethnographic analogies,this study proposes that this kind of special "long narrow pas sage way" served as a ventilation channel deliberately constructed by prehistoric people for the purpose of facilitating air intake,reducing smoke,improving the combustion efficiency of hearths,keeping warm,and protecting people from cold weather.