父母教育期望与青少年感知学业压力:体育活动的调节作用

Parental Educational Expectations and Adolescents’ Perceived Academic Stress: Moderating Role of Physical Activity

基于CEPS(中国教育追踪调查)数据库中初中生调查问卷数据,探讨当青少年置于父母教育期望风险因素下时,体育活动能否作为保护因素对青少年感知学业压力这一消极结果产生积极的调节作用。结果表明:在中国社会文化环境下,父母普遍对子女持较高的教育期望;平均每天不同的体育活动时间对青少年的学业压力会产生不同的影响,短时间组(0~44.75分钟)与中等时间组(44.76~89.5分钟)之间存在显著差异,p<0.05,但与长时间组(89.6~179分钟)之间没有显著差异;体育活动对父母教育期望带来的青少年感知学业压力有调节作用,交互项系数为0.00,R^(2)=0.08,p=0.01,J-N技术分析结果表明调节作用在平均每天活动时间为67.71分钟后不显著。因此,青少年参加适量的体育活动可以有效调节由父母教育期望带来的感知学业压力。建议青少年多参与体育活动,通过运动增加自信和自我效能感,增强心理韧性。

The paper investigates whether physical activity as a protective factor can positively moderate the negative outcome of perceived academic stress among adolescents when they are exposed under the risk factor of parental educational expectation based on the questionnaire data of middle school students in the CEPS database. The results show that: 1) Under China’s social and cultural environment, parents generally hold high expectations for their children’s education outcome;2) Different average daily time of physical activity has different effects on adolescents’ academic stress, and there is a significant difference between short-time group(0~44.75 min) and medium-time group(44.76~89.5 min), P<0.05, but no significant difference with the long-time group(89.6~179 min);3) Physical activity has moderating effect on adolescents’ perceived academic stress caused by parents’ educational expectation, and the interaction coefficient was 0.00, R2=0.08, P=0.01. J-N technical analysis showed that the moderating effect is not significant after the average daily activity time of 67.714 minutes. All of these results show that adolescents’ participation in appropriate physical activities can effectively moderate perceived academic stress caused by parents’ educational expectations. Therefore, teenagers should take part in more sports activities in their spare time to increase their self-confidence and self-efficacy, enhance their resilience, and deal with the mental health problems caused by their parents’ high educational expectations reasonably.