美国《2019罗琴科夫反兴奋剂法》的规范分析、法理批判及应对策略

Normative Analysis, Legal Theory Criticism and Countermeasures of Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act 2019 in US

《2019罗琴科夫反兴奋剂法》的通过,标志着美国在反兴奋剂领域中长臂管辖策略的确立,据此其可以在有本国运动员、转播商或赞助商参与的域外国际体育赛事中对他国涉嫌兴奋剂欺诈的人员进行刑事制裁。然而,由于该法存在违反罪刑法定原则、超越刑法空间效力、不当中止追诉时效、区别对待适用对象等诸多问题,将给WADA和包括我国在内的世界各国的反兴奋剂工作带来巨大冲击。因此,为消除该法对我国体育事业发展的负面影响,斩断其在反兴奋剂领域中的长臂霸权,我国应当在详细分析其规范内容的基础上积极应对。为此,不仅要建构反兴奋剂的合规制度,采取法律方面的反制措施,还要合理利用政治和外交手段,积极拓展反兴奋剂的双边合作,在不断提升我国反兴奋剂国际话语权的情况下,协助各方做好应对预案。

The Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act 2019 marks the establishment of the long-arm jurisdiction strategy of the US in the field of anti-doping, whereby it can impose criminal sanctions on people suspected of doping fraud in other countries in international sports events involving its own athletes, broadcasters or sponsors. However, there are many problems in this law, such as violating the principle of legality, exceeding the spatial effect of criminal law, improper suspension of prescription of prosecution and discriminating against applicable objects. It will bring great impact on WADA and anti-doping work in various countries, including China. Therefore, in order to eliminate the negative effects of this law on the sports development in China and cut off its long-arm hegemony in the field of anti-doping, China should respond actively on the basis of analyzing its regulation content in detail. It is necessary to construct the compliance system of anti-doping, take the legal countermeasures, rationally utilize political and diplomatic means, actively expand the bilateral cooperation of anti-doping, and assist all parties to make response plans while constantly improving China’s international discourse power of anti-doping.