日本学校体育外部教练制运行模式及启示

Operation Mode and Enlightenment of External Coaching System of Japanese School Sport

对日本学校体育外部教练制的形成与运行模式特点进行研究。研究表明:日本青少年课外体育活动需求增长和指导师资不足等矛盾促进了日本学校体育外部教练制的形成,主要包括薪酬辅助、组织介绍、高校派遣、企业协作等四种模式,其开展有效缓解了日本学校体育课外活动校内教师资源不足问题;提高了学校课外运动指导的专业化水平;有效提升了学生课外体育活动参与程度。提出日本学校体育外部教练制对我国的启示:加强顶层设计,突出政策的灵活统一;强化监督管理,明确教练员职责归属;树立协同理念,凝聚校内外教育合力;引导社会力量,多方共建教练员模式等。

The paper studies the characteristics of the formation and operation mode of the external coaching system of Japanese school sports. The research shows that the contradictions such as the increase in the demand for extracurricular sports activities for Japanese youth and the lack of instructors have promoted the formation of the external coaching system of sports in Japanese schools, which mainly includes four modes of salary assistance, organization introduction, college dispatch, and enterprise cooperation. This system has partly solved the problem of insufficient school teachers for extracurricular sports activities, improved the professional level of extracurricular sports guidance, and improved the participation of the extracurricular sports activities. The paper indicates its enlightenment and proposes to strengthen the top-level design, highlight the flexibility and unity of policies, strengthen supervision and management, clarify the responsibilities of coaches, coordinate the education resources in school and in the society, guide social forces, and build a coaching model with multiple parties.