山西绛县横水西周墓地2022号墓发掘报告

TOMB M2022 OF THE WESTERN ZHOU CEMETERY AT HENGSHUI IN JIANGXIAN,SHANXI

横水西周墓地于2004年被盗时发现。经报请山西省文物局和国家文物局批准,2004—2007年,山西省考古研究所(现山西省考古研究院)、运城市文物工作站和绛县文物局组成联合考古队进行了抢救性发掘。墓地位于山西运城绛县横水镇横北村以北约800米处,北距下庄村1.2公里,东距绛县县城约11公里。

The cemetery is located in the north of Hengbei Village,Hengshui Town,Jiangxian County,Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province.The terrain is a gentle slope high in the north and low in the south.From 2004 to 2007,the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology,Yuncheng Cultural Heritage Workstation,and Jiangxian Cultural Relics Bureau jointly excavated the Hengshui cemetery.A total of 1299 tombs from the Western Zhou dynasty were excavated,and 33 chariot-and-horse pits were found.The cemetery as a whole is in a northwest-southeast direction.The vast majority of Western Zhou tombs are in the direction of east-west,and most of the tomb occupants’heads are mainly oriented to the west.Tomb M2022 is located in the north-central part of the cemetery,and to the east is the corresponding rectangular chariot-and-horse pit CH206 in the north-south direction.Based on the orientation of the tomb occupant’s head,the direction of the tomb is 275 degrees.The tomb is a rectangular vertical earthen pit,with a length of 3.9 m,a width of 2.4 m,and a depth of 6.6 m.The burial containers are one outer coffin and two inner coffins.There are three human sacrifics on the second-tier tomb ledge.In the middle of the tomb bottom,there is a waist pit with a dog inside.A total of 2552 pieces(sets)of grave goods fall into eight categories,including bronze,tinware,pottery,jade,stone tool,bone(horn)tool,mussel(shellfish)tool,and lacquered wood tool.The grave goods are placed on the second-tier ledge,on the outer coffin lid,between the inner and outer coffins,and inside the inner coffin,most of which are located between the inner and outer coffins.According to the comprehensive analysis and research of unearthed artifacts as well as the scale and location of the burial,M2022 dates back to the early stage of the mid-Western Zhou dynasty,which is similar to the age of M2158 and M2531 in the cemetery,and earlier than M1,M2,and M1011 in the northern part of the same cemetery.The owner of the tomb is a male with high social status,and it is inferred that M2022 is a monarch-level tomb.