族际互动视域下的辽代契丹文墓志形制体例研究

A Brief Study on the Style of the Khitan Epitaphs on the Sight of Ethnic Interaction

中国古代丧葬文化中以碑志随葬的习俗自南北朝以来长盛不衰。辽代统治者虽然是契丹人,但是接受了汉族丧葬活动中以碑志随葬的习俗,契丹人既用汉文也用契丹文书写墓志。契丹文墓志虽然不是中国历史上最早出现的非汉语墓志,但是确系中国历史上首次形成体系的运用汉文墓志书写体例刻写的非汉语墓志。外观形态和铭文形式方面,契丹文墓志既有对汉文墓志形制体例的模仿和继承,也有根据契丹文字的独特结构和游牧民族的生活习俗而进行的创制与更新,可以视为契丹民族同汉民族交往、交融过程中文化涵化的产物。辽代契丹文墓志的部分形制体例还见于同一时期契丹人的汉文墓志之中,并且影响了后续王朝的碑志文写作体例。

The custom of using epitaph in the funeral is the Chinese traditional funeral custom since the Northern and Southern Dynasties(420-589).During the Liao dynasty,the Khitan rulers not only accepted the Han Chinese custom that used the epitaph in the funeral,but also used Khitan characters to write epitaph.For the first time in history,Epitaphs of ethnic minorities are systematically written by using the Chinese epitaph writing style although it was not the earliest Epitaphs of ethnic minorities.The style of the Khitan epitaph mainly followed the Han Chinese custom,however,creations can also be found due to the unique structure of the Khitan characters and the special national customs,so it can also be seen as the acculturation products between Khitan and Chinese.Otherwise,some styles of the Khitan epitaph can be found on the Khitan people’s Han Chinese epitaphs and affected the writing style of inscriptions in subsequent dynasties.