芳樟物候期观察与授粉方式研究

Study on Phenological Period Observation and Pollination mode of Cinnamomum camphora var.linaloolifera

通过对不同树龄芳樟物候期、生殖器官特性和授粉的研究,探究不同树龄芳樟物候期差异及授粉方式。结果表明:芳樟于3月花芽分化,4月开花,5月结果,10—12月果实成熟。15年生芳樟各物候期开始和结束时间均早于8年生芳樟,且15年生芳樟花期比8年生芳樟长。圆锥花序,花萼呈椭圆形,白绿或淡黄色,外无毛或被微毛,大部分花蕾包含9个雄蕊和1个雌蕊,雄蕊对生圆,呈环状排列于雌蕊外,雌雄蕊异熟且后期异位,花药内共有4个花粉囊。芳樟授粉为兼性异交,自交亲和。综合表明,芳樟自然结实率低,但异交率高,适合杂交育种,宜培育新品种。

In order to study the phenological period differences and pollination methods of Cinnamomum camphora var.linaloolifera of different ages,the phenological period and reproductive organ characteristics of C.camphora var.linaloolifera of different ages were studied.The results showed that C.camphora var.linaloolifera flower buds in March,flowered in April,fruited in May and matured fruit from October to December.The start and end of each phenological period of 15-year-old C.camphora var.linaloolifera were earlier than that of 8-year-old C.camphora var.linaloolifera,and the flowering period of 15-year-old C.camphora var.linaloolifera was longer than that of 15-year-old C.camphora var.linaloolifera.The inflorescence was paniculate with white green or light yellow color.Perianth was oval with glabrous or slightly hairy outside.Most flower buds contain 9 stamens and 1 pistil.The stamens were opposite outside the pistil and arranged in a ring.It was dichogamy and was reciprocal herkogamy in the later stage.There were four pollen sacs in the anther.The pollination of C.camphora var.linaloolifera was facultative xenogamy and self compatibility.The results showed that the outcrossing rate of C.camphora var.linaloolifera was high,which was very suitable for crossbreeding and cultivating new varieties.