氮肥基追比对成熟期烤烟农艺性状及不同部位烟叶光合特性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Base Fertilizer and Topdressing Ratio on Agronomic Characters and Photosynthesis of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves at Mature Stage

通过改善施肥技术,进一步提高黔江地区烟叶品质。在大田试验条件下,以云烟87为材料研究不同基追肥配比(T_(1)=9∶1,T_(2)=8∶2,T_(3)=7∶3和T_(4)=6∶4)对黔江地区烤烟农艺性状和不同部位烟叶光合特性的影响。结果表明,不同处理对成熟期烤烟株高、节距、最大叶宽和最大叶面积影响不大,T_(3)处理烤烟株高、节距、最大叶宽和最大叶面积略优于其他处理;成熟期不同部位烟叶净光合速率有显著差异,表现为上部叶>中部叶>下部叶,气孔导度从上部叶到下部叶呈逐渐下降趋势;不同处理对烤烟经济性状的影响较大,其产值分别为处理T_(2)(54294.23元/hm^(2))>处理T_(3)(50110.61元/hm^(2))>处理T_(1)(42015.12元/hm^(2))>处理T_(4)(37023.14元/hm^(2)),处理T_(2)的产值、产量和上等烟比例最大。综合来看,基追肥处理为7∶3时烤烟的农艺性状最好,基追肥处理为8∶2时烤烟的经济性状最高。根据优质适产原则,黔江地区可推广8∶2的基追肥配比措施。

In order to improve the quality of tobacco leaves in Qianjiang area by improving the fertilization technology,the field experiments were conducted using‘Yun 87’variety of flue-cured tobacco as test material to investigate the effects of different basal topdressing ratio(T_(1)=9∶1,T_(2)=8:2,T_(3)=7∶3 and T_(4)=6∶4)on flue-cured tobacco agronomic characters and photosynthesis.The results showed that different treatments had little effect on plant height,pitch,maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area at maturity.The height,pitch,maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area of T_(3) treatment were slightly better than those of other treatments.The net photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves at different positions in the mature stage was significantly different,showing as upper leaf>middle leaf>lower leaf,stomatal conductance decreased gradually from upper leaf to lower leaf.Different treatments had a great influence on the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco,and the output values were as follows:T_(2)(54294.23 yuan/hm^(2))>T_(3)(50110.61 yuan/hm^(2))>T_(1)(42015.12 yuan/hm^(2))>T_(4)(37023.14 yuan/hm^(2)),T_(2) has the highest proportion of output value,yield and quality tobacco.In general,the quality of flue-cured tobacco was better when basal topdressing was 7∶3,and the economic character of flue-cured tobacco was the highest when basal topdressing was 8∶2.According to the principle of high quality and suitable yield,the ratio of 8∶2 base topdressing fertilizer can be promoted in Qianjiang area.