乡村民宿发展的困境与出路--以宅基地"三权分置"改革为视角

Dilemma and Solutions of Rural Homestay Development:From the Perspective of the Three Rights Separation Reform of Rural Residential Land

利用农村闲置宅基地和闲置住宅发展乡村民宿产业,是提高农村土地资源利用效率、增加农民收入的有效途径之一,也是激发乡村发展活力、促进乡村振兴的应有之义。但是,当前乡村民宿发展面临宅基地收益权能的缺失、宅基地使用权归属不明、经营主体的融资难等困境,应该抓住试点地区调整实施现行法律的时间窗口,赋予宅基地完整权能以确认乡村民宿的经营合法性,按照宅基地“三权分置”思路明晰乡村民宿租赁双方对宅基地及其地上房屋权属关系,探索宅基地使用权抵押的实现路径,走出乡村民宿发展的困境,形成农村宅基地制度改革的可复制、可借鉴的经验,为未来国家相关法律完善奠定坚实的基础。

Making use of idle rural residential land and homestead to develop rural homestay industry is one of the effective ways to improve the utilization efficiency of rural land resources and increase farmers’ income.It is also a necessity to stimulate the vitality of rural development and promote rural revitalization.However,at present,the development of rural homestay is faced with difficulties such as lack of income right of homestead,unclear ownership of homestead usufruct,financing difficulties of homestay operators.Therefore,it is necessary to seize the opportunity of the pilot areas adjusting the implementation of existing laws,and endow the homestead with complete rights to confirm the legitimacy of homestay management.It is also necessary to clarify the ownership of the residential land and the above-ground houses according to the "Three Rights Separation" of rural residential land and explore the mortgage of homestead usufruct to get out of the dilemma of rural homestay,thus gaining experience that can be duplicated and learned and laying a solid foundation for the revision of relevant national laws in the future.