以色列黑豹党运动与米兹拉希族群的政治发展

The Black Panthers Movement of Israel and the Political Development of Mizrahi Ethnic Group

长期以来,以色列米兹拉希犹太人一直是介于阿什肯纳兹犹太人和阿拉伯公民之间的“中间族群”。在工党执政时期,这种族群分层的特点在耶路撒冷的社会结构和地理空间中体现得更加明显。1971年,耶路撒冷穆斯拉拉社区的米兹拉希青年掀起了黑豹党抗议运动。在这一年里,黑豹党发起了四次集体抗议,鲜明地表达了米兹拉希族群的发展诉求。黑豹党运动的斗争对象是工党政府以及阿什肯纳兹族群,斗争目标是要求政府解决本族群的住房问题、实现教育公平以及消除犹太人内部的经济差距。该运动的发生正值以色列政坛新旧转换的关键时期,尽管持续时间较短,但仍孕育了米兹拉希政党,并推动了犹太教育系统的融合和米兹拉希文化的复兴。随着“奥哈里姆”和“哈洛·内马迪姆”等组织的发展,黑豹党的斗争遗产也在当下得到了继承和发展。

In 1971,Mizrahi Jewish youth in Jerusalem’s Musrara neighborhood led a protest called the "Black Panthers" Movement.During the movement,the Black Panthers launched four important activities,which clearly expressed the development demands of Mizrahi Jews.The movement resulted from the strict ethnic stratification in Israel’s social structure and geographical space at that time.It revolted the Labor Party government and Ashkenazi Jews,demanded that the government should solve the housing problem of Mizrahi,realize education equity and eliminate the economic gap within the Jews.The movement of the Black Panthers occurred at the critical point of time of regime change in Israel.Despite its short duration,the movement still gave birth to Mizrahi parties and promoted the educational integration of Jewish communities and the revival of Mizrahi culture.With the development of Ohalim and Halo Nehmadim,the struggle legacy of the Black Panthers has also been inherited and developed in the present context.