安徽省某三甲医院伏立康唑致低钾血症不良反应分析

Adverse drug reactions of hypokalemia caused by voriconazole in a hospital of Anhui Province

目的 探讨伏立康唑致低钾血症不良反应及其影响因素分析,为临床上安全应用提供参考。方法 基于中国医院药物警戒系统(CHPS),选取本院2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日上报的287例伏立康唑不良反应病例进行回顾性研究,挖掘伏立康唑致低钾血症相关不良反应的发生、临床特点、危险因素及转归。结果 数据显示,伏立康唑致低血钾症的发生率为41.2%(118例);不同原患疾病的低钾血症发生率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);给药后1~2 d,注射剂致低钾血症发生率均明显高于口服制剂(P <0.05);注射剂型致低钾血症重度不良反应发生率均明显高于口服制剂(P <0.05)。结论 伏立康唑注射剂引起低钾血症比例较高,严重程度高于口服制剂,且多发生于伏立康唑使用后早期,临床应用中应注意此不良反应特点。

Objective To investigate the adverse reactions of hypokalemia induced by voriconazole and the influencing factors in order to provide reference for safe use in clinic. Methods Based on the Chinese Hospital Pharmacovigilance System(CHPS), 287 cases of adverse reactions of voriconazole reported in a hospital between Jan 1, 2018 and Dec 31, 2020were selected for retrospective analysis so as to explore the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of adverse reactions of hypokalemia induced by voriconazole. Results Data showed that the incidence of hypokalemia caused by voriconazole was 41.2%(118 cases). There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypokalemia between primary diseases(P > 0.05). Within one or two days of administration, the incidence of hypokalemia caused by injection formulations was significantly higher than that of oral formulations(P < 0.05). The incidence of severe adverse reactions caused by injection formulations was significantly higher than that of oral formulations(P < 0.05). Conclusion The proportion of hypokalemia caused by voriconazole injections is higher than that of oral preparations. These adverse reactions often occur soon after the use of voriconazole, which deserves more attention in clinic.