基层疫苗预防接种不良事件监测分析

Monitoring Analysis of Adverse Events Following Immunization of Primary Vaccination

目的:分析基层疫苗预防接种中预防接种不良事件(AEFI)状况。方法:对重组乙型肝炎疫苗、23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)、四价流感病毒裂解疫苗、水痘减毒活疫苗、流感病毒裂解疫苗、冻干人用狂犬疫苗,按照接种范围、接种剂量及流程等操作方法进行接种,观察受种者的预防接种异常反应(AEFI)。结果:8种疫苗AEFI发生率由高到低分别为23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗、冻干人用狂犬疫苗、四价流感病毒裂解疫苗、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)、水痘减毒活疫苗、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)、重组乙型肝炎疫苗、流感病毒裂解疫苗。8种疫苗AEFI发生率为2019年3.478/万、2020年2.619/万、2021年1.839/万,AEFI发生情况呈逐年降低趋势。8种疫苗不同AEFI的发生率为AEFI共62例,一般反应占90.32%,偶合症占4.838%,异常反应占3.226%,心因症占1.613%。结论:基层预防接种门诊接种重组乙型肝炎疫苗等8种疫苗的AEFI发生率较低,具有一定安全性。

Objective:To analyze the status of adverse events following immunization(AEFI)in primary vaccination.Methods:The recombinant hepatitis B vaccine,23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine,inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine(human diploid cell),inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine(Vero cell),inactivated quadrivalent split-virus influenza vaccine,live attenuated varicella vaccine,inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine,freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use were given in accordance with the extent of vaccination,dosage and process of vaccination,and other operation method.The AEFI of the recipients was observed.Results:The incidence of AEFI of 8 vaccines was ranked from high to low as follows:23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine,freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use,inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine(Vero cell),inactivated quadrivalent split-virus influenza vaccine,live attenuated varicella vaccine,inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine(human diploid cell),recombinant hepatitis B vaccine,and inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine.The incidence of AEFI of 8 vaccines was 3.478/10000 in 2019,2.619/10000 in 2020,and 1.839/10000 in 2021.The incidence of AEFI decreased year by year.The incidence of different AEFIs of 8 vaccines was found in 62 cases,general reaction accounted for 90.32%,coincidence accounted for 4.838%,abnormal reaction accounted for 3.226%and psychogenic disease accounted for 1.613%.Conclusion:The incidence of AEFI in primary clinic of vaccination is low and has certain safety in 8 kinds of vaccines such as recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.