家世与科举影响代际流动的微观研究--以清代官员陈瑸为中心

A Micro Study on the Influence of Family Background and Imperial Examinations on Intergenerational Mobility:Centered on Chen Bin,an Official in the Qing Dynasty

以清代著名官员陈瑸为案例,通过梳理和分析陈瑸经科举考试实现从寒门子弟到精英阶层跃升的过程,发现家世对陈瑸科举的成功没有产生作用。陈瑸科考的成功主要是在自身努力的基础上,得到学官、地方官员等受知师的重视与拔擢。陈瑸的脱颖而出符合地方社会发展的需要。陈瑸突破父辈实现向上流动,而儿孙辈却未能突破陈瑸的功名。由此得到的现代启发意义是学校教育需要探索和发展优质教育资源的转化机制,确保教育对代际流动可持续产生作用。

This paper takes Chen Bin,a famous official in the Qing Dynasty,as a case.By sorting out and analyzing the process of Chen Bin's leap from the poor to the elite through the imperial examination,it is found that family background did not play a role in Chen Bin's success in the imperial examination.Chen Bin's success in the imperial examination was mainly based on his own efforts as well as the attention and promotion,which he had won,of the learned teachers,such as academic officials and local officials.Chen Bin's standing out was in line with the needs of local social development.Chen Bin broke through his father's generation to achieve upward mobility,but his children and grandchildren failed to surpass him in scholarly honor and official rank.The modern inspiration obtained from this is that school education needs to explore and develop the transformation mechanism of high-quality educational resources to ensure that education can play a sustainable role in intergenerational mobility.