现象学视野中的学习兴趣与教育

Learning Interest and Education from the Perspective of Phenomenology

自认识到学习兴趣之于教育的重要意义始,人们便致力于通过教育培养学生学习兴趣的各种理论和实践尝试。但实际结果并不令人满意,由此引发了对学习兴趣与教育根本关系的思考。根据价值情感现象学理论,学习兴趣是比教育更原本的存在,教育并不能直接培养学习兴趣。两者之间更具体的关系可以用胡塞尔的意向性理论与视域概念来解释,即学习兴趣作为视域中的边缘域,直接作用于作为焦点的教育影响;而教育影响能否作用于或如何作用于学习兴趣,这是无法控制和知晓的。关于学习兴趣培养可以得出的有限结论是:儿童的学习兴趣源自第一视域,教育对学习兴趣的影响具有偶然性和不确定性,理解教育的意义是学习兴趣培养的可行之道。

Since people realized the importance of "interest in learning" in education,they have been committed to various theoretical and practical attempts to cultivate students’ interest in learning through education. However,they have achieved unsatisfactory results,which trigger our consideration of the fundamental relationship between interest in learning and education. According to the phenomenological theory of value and emotion,interest in learning originated earlier than education,and education cannot directly determine interest in learning. Their relationship can be explained by Husserl’s theory of intentionality and the concept of horizon;that is,interest in learning,a marginal domain in the field of horizon,plays a direct role in educational impact,which serves as the focus. Whether or how educational impact can affect interest in learning is beyond our control and knowledge. A limited conclusion about the cultivation of interest in learning is as follows:Children’s interest in learning originated from the first horizon;education has an accidental and uncertain impact on interest in learning;and understanding the meaning of education is a feasible way to cultivate interest in learning.