双碳目标下基于演化博弈的高耗能企业节能降碳机制

Energy conservation and carbon reduction mechanism of high energy consumption enterprises based on evolutionary game under the dual carbon goals

节能降碳技术的推广涉及政府和企业等多方主体博弈。为探究“双碳目标”下各级政府与高耗能企业之间的博弈关系,本文构建了高耗能企业、地方政府以及中央政府的三方演化博弈模型,并进行数值仿真,探讨了三方主体在节能降碳工作中的策略选择。研究发现:(1)在影响企业是否选择使用节能技术的众多因素中,节能降碳技术的使用成本和降碳效率起着最为关键的作用;(2)在使用碳税政策促进企业降碳的过程中,补贴设置过高或过低都会对政策效果产生消极影响;(3)提高地方政府对碳税收入的共享比例可以保障其对当地企业的监管力度;(4)主体选择某种策略的初始概率不会影响博弈的结果。同时针对性地提出了政策建议:首先,应围绕使用成本和降碳效率两个关键因素,加大绿色技术的研发力度;其次,征收碳税的同时应分行业进行差异性补贴发放;最后,因地制宜地保障地方政府对碳税收入的共享比例。

The promotion of energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies involves the game of interests among various parties such as the government and enterprises.In order to explore the game relationship between government carbon regulation and carbon emission reduction strategies of high energy consumption enterprises under the dual carbon goals,this study constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model of high energy consumption enterprises,local governments,and the central government,and conducted numerical analyses.Through simulation,the strategic choices of the three parties in energy conservation and carbon reduction are discussed.The study found that:(1)Among the many factors that affect whether enterprises choose to use energy-saving technologies,the cost of use and carbon-reducing efficiency of energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies play the most critical role;(2)In the process of using carbon tax policies to promote enterprise carbon reduction,subsidies that are set too high or too low will have a negative impact on the effect of the policies;(3)Increasing the share of carbon tax revenue of local governments can ensure their supervision of local enterprises.On this basis,policy recommendations are put forward:First,the research and development of green technologies should be strengthened around the two central points of cost of use and carbon-reducing efficiency;Second,carbon tax can be levied,and differentiated subsidies can be distributed by industry;Finally,policies should ensure that local governments share an appropriate proportion of carbon tax revenue according to local conditions.This article discussed the strategic choices of the government and enterprises in energy conservation and carbon reduction in various situations,and provided some suggestions for the development path of carbon reduction in the future.