拜登政府对华围堵复合联盟战略及中国应对

The Biden Administration’s Compound Alliance Strategy against China and China’s Response

拜登执政后,为加强与中国战略竞争,积极实施针对和围堵中国的复合联盟战略。拜登政府对华联盟战略的特征是“复合性”,其以传统军事联盟为内核进行联盟扩容,表现为联盟结构的“网格化”、联盟基础的意识形态化、联盟行动的综合化,在印太地区呈现出“北约化”态势。拜登政府对华身份的“安全化”、拜登政府对中国作为“外部威胁”复杂性的认知、议题联合的功能性与灵活性、拜登政府积极争取盟友和伙伴国对其联盟转型的支持,是拜登政府对华围堵复合联盟战略得以形成的重要原因。拜登政府在不断调整和深化对华围堵复合联盟战略的同时,其复合联盟内部面临着美国实力相对衰落、复合联盟体系存在固有缺陷、复合联盟内部存在管理困境等诸多挑战。对此,中国可利用其面临的挑战,对美国及其盟友和伙伴国实行差异化的应对策略、强化中国经贸优势、积极提供地区安全公共产品等思路和策略,缓解拜登政府对中国周边产生的联盟压力。

In order to strengthen the strategic competition with China,the Biden administration actively implemented the compositealliance strategy against China,which is manifested in the“grid-based”of the alliance structure,the ideology of the alliance foundation and the integration of alliance actions,showing a“NATO”trend in the Indo-Pacific region. The reasons for the formation of the Biden government’s compound alliance strategy against China are as follows:the "securitization" of the identity of China,the Biden administration’s cognition of the complexity of China as an“external threat”,the functionality and flexibility of issue-oriented coalition,and the Biden government’s active efforts to win the support of allies and partners for its alliance transformation. While its alliance is facing many challenges,such as the relative decline of American strength,the inherent defects of the alliance system,the dilemma of internal management of the alliance system. In this regard,China can take advantage of the compound alliance system’s challenges to relieve the alliance pressure generated by the Biden government on China’s periphery.