窗面积影响室内热舒适的实测与模拟对比研究

Comparative Field and Simulation Study on the Effects of Window Area on Indoor Thermal Comfort

窗面积影响室内自然采光、太阳辐射量、得失热量、风速和空间感受,进而影响人体热舒适。以天津大学建筑环境实验舱为实验场所,采用现场实测和模拟的方法,研究稳态热环境条件下,窗面积对使用者热舒适的影响。结果表明:1)窗面积影响人体热感觉、热环境不满意百分数和热舒适度,尤其夏季窗面积对人体热感觉有显著性影响。夏季窗面积越小人体热感觉的敏感度越大;冬季情况反之。2)东向窗墙比是40%、60%时热中性温度更易于满足,冬夏季可接受的温度上下限区间更大更稳定。东向窗面积与人体热舒适度在夏季呈反比、在冬季呈正比,建议结合窗面积设定操作温度。窗墙比是20%、40%、60%时,建议夏季操作温度分别为25℃、26℃、27℃,冬季操作温度是22℃。3)窗面积影响室内热舒适度的模拟与实测结果基本一致,但是有条件情况下最好采用实测结果校验物理模型,提高预测准确率。

Window area affects natural indoor lighting,solar radiation,heat gain and loss,wind speed,and space perception,which in turn affects human thermal comfort.The building environment experimental cabin of Tianjin University was selected as the research site.The field measurement and performance simulation were used to study the effects of window area on users’thermal comfort under the steady⁃state thermal environment.The results show that 1)Window area affects human thermal sensation,predicted percent of dissatisfied and thermal comfort.In particular,window area has a significant effect on human thermal sensation in summer.The smaller the window area in summer,the greater the sensitivity of human thermal sensation will be,and the reverse is true in winter.2)The east⁃oriented window⁃wall ratio is 40%and 60%when the thermally neutral temperature is easier to reach,and the upper and lower limits of acceptable temperature in winter and summer are larger and more stable.The east⁃oriented window area is inversely proportional to human thermal comfort in summer and positively proportional in winter.It is recommended to set the operating temperature in combination with the window area.When the window⁃wall ratio is 20%,40%,and 60%,the suitable operating temperatures are 25℃,26℃,and 27℃ in summer and 22℃ in winter.3)The simulation of window areas affecting indoor thermal comfort is generally consistent with the measured results.However,it is better to use the actual measurement results to verify the physical model to improve the prediction accuracy.