高校宿舍自然通风现状调查及不同测试方法分析

Investigation on the Current Situation of Natural Ventilation in College Dormitories and Analysis of Different Testing Methods

通风量是影响室内空气质量和建筑能耗最关键参数之一。为了确定宿舍在窗户开启和关闭等自然通风状态下的换气次数水平,同时分析目前最常用的2种换气次数测试方法(CO_(2)示踪气体衰减法、上升法)测试结果是否存在差别。本研究以人体产生的CO_(2)作为示踪气体,测试了38个学生宿舍样本在关窗和开窗条件下的通风情况,得到关窗换气次数介于0.18次/h和0.75次/h之间,平均为0.41次/h。开窗换气次数介于1.07次/h和8.21次/h之间,平均为3.74次/h。2种开关窗状态下的换气次数均服从对数正态分布。此外通过对比衰减法和上升法在关窗状态下的测试结果,发现两者存在显著差异,上升法测得的结果为衰减法的1.58倍,经过分析认为上升法的系统误差更大,其测试结果的可靠性低于衰减法。

Ventilation rate is one of the most critical parameters affecting indoor air quality and building energy consumption.In order to determine the air exchange rate in the dormitories and analyze the differences between the CO_(2) tracer gas decay method and build⁃up method,occupant⁃generated CO_(2) was used as a tracer gas,and the ventilation conditions of 38 student dormitory samples under window closed and open conditions were tested in this study.The air exchange rates under windows close condition varied between 0.18/h and 0.75/h,with an average value of 0.41/h.The air exchange rates when windows open varied between 1.07/h and 8.21/h,with an average of 3.74/h.The air exchange rates under these two different window opening behaviors were lognormal distributed.There were significant differences between the results of the decay method and the build⁃up method.The average infiltration rate by the build⁃up method was 1.58 times as the decay method.Analysis showed that the system error of the build⁃up method is larger,and therefore the reliability of this method is lower than the decay method.