2011-2020年大理州学校传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectiolls diseases in schools situated in Dali Prefecture from 2011 to 2020

目的了解2011-2020年大理州学校传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为有效预防控制和处置学校传染病突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2011-2020年大理州学校传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果2011-2020年大理州共报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件69起,报告病例2552例,罹患率为6.77%。呼吸道传染病事件54起,构成比为78.26%;肠道传染病事件15起,构成比为21.74%,不同病种间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=773.158,P<0.01)。全年有2个发病高峰,分别为3—6月和11-12月。大理市报告事件数最多,共40起,构成比为57.97%,不同地区间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=518.200,P<0.01)。事件主要发生在幼托机构和小学,分别占30.43%、49.28%,不同学校类型间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=857.094,P<0.01)。结论2011—2020年大理州学校传染病突发公共卫生事件以呼吸道传染病事件为主,春季和秋冬季为高发季节。应以幼托机构、小学为防控重点,加强健康宣教,提高儿童疫苗接种率,促进健康行为。

Objective To provide scientific basis for effective prevention,control and settlement of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools by understanding the distribution and characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools situated in Dali Prefecture from 2011 to 2020.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools situated in Dali Prefecture from 2011 to 2020.Results A total of 69 public health emergencies of school infectious diseases and 2552 cases with the incidence rate of 6.77%were reported in Dali Prefecture from 2011 to 2020.There were 54 incidents of respiratory infectious diseases with a constituent ratio of 78.26%and 15 incidents of intestinal infectious diseases with an constituent ratio of 21.74%,and the difference in the incidence of different diseases was statistically significant(χ^(2)=773.158,P<0.01).Two peaks extended from March to June and from November to December,respectively.The most number of cases were reported in Dali,a total of 40 cases with an constituent ratio of 57.97%were reported in Dali,and the difference in the incidence between different regions was statistically significant(χ~2=518.200,P<0.01).The incidents mainly occurred in kindergartens and primary schools,accounting for 30.43%and 49.28%,respectively,and the difference in the incidence among different school types was statistically significant(χ^(2)=857.094,P<0.01).Conclusion Respiratory infectious diseases are main public health emergencies in schools in Dali Prefecture from 2011 to 2020.Spring,autumn and winter are considered to be high-incidence seasons.Child care institutions and primary schools should be treated as focused prevention and control organizations,the health education should be strengthened,the vaccination rate of children should be improved,and healthy behavior should be promoted.