2010—2020年菏泽市麻疹监测病例实验室检测结果与流行病学特征

Testing results and epidemiologic features of measles surveillance cases in Heze from 2010 to 2020

目的 分析2010—2020年菏泽市麻疹监测病例(measles surveillance cases, MSC)流行病学特征及病原学基因类型,为麻疹控制提供参考依据。方法 对MSC进行调查并采集其急性期血清标本和咽拭子标本,使用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)对血清标本进行IgM抗体检测,使用荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription PCR,RT-PCR)对病原学标本进行核酸检测。采用统计软件对数据资料进行统计分析。结果 2010—2020年菏泽市共报告MSC 2 288例,检测1 979例麻疹病例IgM,阳性830例,阳性率为41.94%(830/1 979);检测1 760例风疹病例IgM,阳性88例,阳性率为5.00%(88/1 760)。麻疹发病年龄主要集中在14岁以下,占79.47%,男性多于女性(χ^(2)=8.46,P<0.05)。采集检测155例MSC咽拭子标本,麻疹病毒核酸阳性45例,阳性率为29.03%(45/155);共分离鉴定麻疹病毒32株,全部为H1a型。结论 2010—2020年菏泽市麻疹发病较低,MSC中存在麻疹、风疹病例,以麻疹病例居多,麻疹病毒类型为H1a基因型;要继续加强MSC报告,提高含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles-containing Vaccine, MCV)及时接种率。

Objective To provide references for measles control by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic genet types of measles surveillance cases(MSC) in Heze from 2010 to 2020.Methods MSC was investigated, corresponding serum samples and throat swab samples at the acute stage were collected, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect IgM antibodies in serum samples, reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) was used for nucleic acid testing of pathogenic samples, and statistical software was applied for statistical analysis.Results A total of 2 288 MSC cases were reported from 2010 to 2020,IgM of 1 979 measles cases was detected, 830 cases were positive, with a positive rate of 41.94%(830/1 979);IgM of 1 760 rubella cases was detected, 88 positive cases with a positive rate of 5.00%(88/1 760) were detected.The onset age of measles was mainly under 14 years old, accounting for 79.47%,and the number of male cases was greater that of female cases(χ^(2)=8.46,P<0.05).A total of 155 samples of MSC throat swabs were collected and tested, 45 cases of positive measles virus nucleic acid with a positive rate of 29.03%(45/155) were founded, and a total of 32 strains of measles viruses were isolated and identified, and all the strains were H 1a.Concusion The incidence of measles in Heze remains being low from 2010 to 2020,measles and rubella cases are found in MSC,measles cases dominate, and the viral type of measles cases is H 1a genotype.It is required to further report MSC and increase the timely vaccination rate of Measles-containing Vaccine(MCV).