内蒙古自治区4类公共场所从业人员健康状况问卷分析

Investigation and analysis of health status of employees in four categories of public places in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

目的 了解内蒙古自治区4类公共场所从业人员卫生知识、行为及健康状况,为今后加强公共场所监管和从业人员培训提供依据。方法 对内蒙古自治区4类公共场所从业人员1 814名进行健康状况问卷调查,问卷采用2020年公共场所健康危害因素监测项目中从业人员健康状况调查表。结果 4类公共场所从业人员女性占76.52%,年龄(38.5±9.58)岁,工龄1~5年占59.21%,文化程度以初中和高中/中专/职业高中为主,合计占65.33%。从业人员健康行为形成率为90.00%左右;参加本岗位工作以来,5种被医生诊断的疾病中,鼻炎/过敏性鼻炎的发病率最高,为7.21%~22.41%,5种疾病的发病率在4类公共场所从业人员中差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.363、8.338、9.701、9.064,P<0.05)。4类公共场所从业人员基础卫生知识,商场(超市)的知晓率最高(94.70%),理发店的知晓率最低(87.47%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=63.417,P<0.05);传染病防控知识回答正确率为2.87%~93.90%。结论 内蒙古自治区4类公共场所从业人员基础卫生知识知晓率情况较好,多数从业人员具有良好的健康行为,但传染病防控知识的知晓情况较差,监管部门应加大监管和培训力度。

Objective To provide the basis for further strengthening the supervision on public places and training employees by understanding the health knowledge, behavior and health status of employees in four categories of public places in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A total of 1 814 employees in four categories of public places in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were randomly selected to received questionnaire survey on the health status, and the questionnaire was used to investigate the health status of employees from monitoring health hazards projects in public places in 2020.Results Female employees with the age of(38.5±9.58) years old accounted for 76.52% in four categories of public places;the length of service mainly extended from 1 to 5 years, accounting for 59.21%;the educational level of employees mainly involved the junior high school, high school/technical secondary school/vocational high school, totally accounting for 65.33%.The formation rate of health behaviors of employees in four categories of public places approximately hit 90.00%.The rhinitis/allergic rhinitis was found to have the maximum incidence rate in five categories of diseases diagnosed by doctors since serving at current post, ranging from 7.21% to 22.41%.The difference in the incidence of five diseases of employees in four categories of public places was statistically significant(χ^(2)=30.363,8.338,9.701,9.064,P<0.05).For the basic health knowledge of employees in four categories of public places, the awareness rate of employees for basic health knowledge in shopping malls(supermarkets) was the maximum(94.70%),that in barbershops was the minimum(87.47%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=63.417,P<0.05).The correctness rate of answers on infectious diseases prevention and control knowledge ranged from 2.87% to 93.90%.Conclusion The awareness rate of employees for basic health knowledge in four categories of public places in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is great, and most employees also have good health behaviors, while the awareness situation for infectious disease prevention and control knowledge is poor, hence the regulatory authorities are advised to tighten supervision and training.