基于应急任务驱动的灾害应对组织网络适应性机制--以河南郑州“7.20”特大暴雨应对为例

Research on Adaptive Mechanism of Disaster Response Organization Network Drived by Emergency Task--Taking the Case of"7.20"Extraordinary Rainstorm in Zhengzhou,Henan

任务型组织是应对风险社会的复杂性和不确定性的有效制度设置,为任务型治理在公共管理实践中的应用提供了新的图景。基于复杂适应系统理论思想,本文通过构建基于应急任务驱动的灾害应对组织网络适应性演化分析框架,提出了“事件触发-任务协调-组织重构”的任务驱动型应急组织模式。在此基础上,运用社会网络分析方法测量了中国制度场景下应急任务驱动的灾害应对组织网络结构、关系强度、紧密程度和参与主体角色地位的适应性演化过程,为提高政府灾害适应性治理能力和应急管理协调能力提供了思路。本文具体以河南郑州“7.20”特大暴雨应对为例,就应急任务驱动的组织协作网络结构关系、紧密程度、参与主体角色地位的适应性演化过程进行深入探讨,厘清了中国制度场景下灾害应对组织协调能力的内在适应性机制。基于研究结论,提出了提高我国灾害适应性治理能力的对策建议,对于提高国家应急管理能力,完善相关应急预案、制度具有重要现实意义。

It is effective to establish task-oriented organizations to deal with the complexities of risks and uncertainties in society,providing a new perspective for task-oriented governance in public management practices.Based on the complex adaptive systems theories,this paper proposes a task-driven emergency organization model,which can be concluded as the path Event Triggering--Task Coordination--Organization Reconfiguration.Subsequently,the social network analysis method is used to measure the adaptive evolution process of an organization's emergency task-driven disaster response,network structure,relationship strength,closeness and participant role status in the Chinese institutional context,proposing implications to enhance the government's abilities of disaster adaptive governance and emergency management coordination.Based on the case of"7.20"extraordinary rainstorm,some issues on adaptive evolution process of the organization's cooperation network in aspects of structure,relationships,closeness,and participant role status were discussed,with the internal adaptive mechanism of coordinative disaster response argued in the research.With the aim of improving disaster adaptive governance capabilities,the paper proposed suggestions,which have practical significance for improving the national emergency management capabilities and improving relevant emergency plans and systems.