海南自由贸易港高质量发展研究

Problems,Causes and Paths in the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port

海南自由贸易港建设是我国构建更高层次改革开放格局的重要举措。四年多来,海南自贸港经历了夯实基础期、全面实施期和建设关键期三个阶段,并取得了显著的成效,目前正朝着全面封关运作的阶段迈进。通过对海南自贸港建设的参与式观察和理论审视发现,海南自贸港建设过程中存在着思想认识趋于风险规避、“高层热、基层冷”“政府热、民间冷”“东部热、中西部冷”的建设动力分布不均衡、政府治理能力欠缺等问题,制约着自贸港建设的深入开展。改革创新与风险规避的冲突、有为政府与有效市场的失调、政府主导与社会参与的失衡、顶层设计与基层探索的割裂四个突出的矛盾是存在以上三大问题的深层次内因,而如何有效调和矛盾则成为高质量建设自贸港面临的重大挑战。在未来,海南省需要以治理能力作为突破口,充分利用自贸港建设中的干部互嵌机制,加快培育海南的政策企业家;挖掘中央的授权资源,释放政府治理能力、提升潜能;加强数字政府建设,弥补海南干部能力短板,进而推进海南自由贸易港建设向着更高质量的方向发展。

The construction of Hainan Free Trade Port is an important measure for building a higher-level reform and opening-up pattern in China.Over the past four years,Hainan Free Trade Port has gone through three stages:The period of consolidating the foundation,the period of comprehensive implementation,the critical period of construction,and It has achieved remarkable results.At present,it is moving towards the stage of comprehensive customs closure.Through the participatory observation and theoretical review of the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port,it is found that in the process of Hainan Free Trade Port construction,there are still some problems such as the risk aversion,the imbalance of construction power of"High-level hot,Grass-roots cold","Government hot,Private cold","Eastern hot,Central and Western cold",and low governance ability and level of cadres,which restrict the in-depth development of the free trade port construction.The conflict between reform and risk aversion,the imbalance between the government and market,the imbalance between government leadership and social participation,and the separation of top-level design and grass-roots exploration are the deep-seated internal causes of the above three problems.How to effectively reconcile the contradictions has become a major challenge for the high-quality construction of the free trade port.In the future,Hainan Province needs to take governance capacity as a breakthrough,make full use of the cadre embedding mechanism in the construction of the free trade port,and accelerate the cultivation of policy entrepreneurs in Hainan.And it should tap the authorized resources of the central government and release the potential of government governance capacity improvement.Moreover it needs strengthen the construction of digital government,make up for the weakness of Hainan cadres'ability,and further promote the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port towards a higher quality direction.